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- Vitamin-producing E. coli cells in your gut are ________. a. normal microbiota c. proteobacteria b. chemoheterotrophs d. all of the aboveWhich of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)Which of the following statements correctly describes exotoxins and endotoxins produced by various bacteria? A. endotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive B. exotoxins are secreted into the environment while the bacteria are still alive C. exotoxins are only released into the environment when the bacteria die and their cell walls break down D. exotoxins are components of the outer membrane of the bacteria that produce them
- Bacteria produce two kinds of toxins: endotoxins and exotoxins.Whereas endotoxins are _____, exotoxins are _____.a. part of the bacterium; chemicals that diffuse out of the bacteriumb. injected into the host cell; secreted onto the surface of the host cellc. chemicals that target the host’s digestive tract; chemicals thattarget the host’s outer covering (e.g., skin)d. released while the bacterium is alive; released when the bacteriumdiesA major difference between exotoxins and endotoxins is that endotoxins are _____. View Available Hint(s) for Part C able to kill cells directly not actually toxic physically part of the bacterial structure secreted by bacteriaThe bacteria which causes syphilis is a spirochete which means it is shaped like ___. staphylobacillus a corkscrew a cluster of crescent shaped cells streptobacillus
- Which of the following is an endogenous pryrogen?(a) Bacterial exotoxin(b) Bacterial endotoxin(c) Interleukin-1(d) Antipyretic(e) Bradykininendotoxin can stimulate the release of interleukin (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) which cause: O tissue digestion O botulism O host cells to stop making proteins O fever and/or shock O biofilm formationAll are true of endotoxins except Are associated with Gram negative bacteria Cause fever and malaise Are part of the bacterial cell wall LPS released when cell dies Are associated with Gram positive bacteria.
- Which of the following is not true?(a) A single bacterium weighs approximately 1 × 10−11grams.(b) On average there are 100 trillion microorganisms onany given human.(c) Microbes can only be found where people live.(d) There are more microbes in your mouth than all thepeople who have lived in the history of man.endotoxins are: a. excreted from within the cell b. specific in their method of actino depending on the particular endotoxin c. associated with gram-positive bacteria d. part of a particular type of cell wall copmosed os lopolusaccharides e. none of the aboveBacteria having fimbriae has the advantage over one that lacks fimbriae because: a. It can be stained easily bIt can obtain nutrients from beef broth It can move actively d. It can resist the antibiotics e It can attach to specific surfaces
