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| Explain the IPAT model. How can technology either increase or decrease environmental impact? Provide at least two examples. |
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- Explain Ecological Models and also define simplifying assumptions to construct such a model ?Typically this kind of economic activity results in environmental harm through production and consumption externalities. When a country such as Econ Land manages to break the link between economic activity and environmental harm, it is known as ["decoupling", "uncoupling"] . Whether Econ Land has truly broken this link or not depends on the amount of ["export pollution", "import pollution"] they are responsible for, pollution in other countries resulting from the production of products consumed in the country of Econ Land.What is the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis related to? A. The relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth B. The impact of government regulation on environmental quality C. The effect of population growth on resource depletion D. The link between income inequality and environmental conservation
- What is the primary external input into the broader ecological circular flow model? Question 18Select one: a. Pollution b. Solar energy c. Fossil fuels d. Geophysical cycles e. Factors of productionEconomists describe human-induced climate change as an ‘externality’What does this mean and how is it linked to climate change?why environmentalists consider economics as enemy of the environment?
- DSTV and the South African Navy differ as both of them are: a. DSTV is nonexcludable and the Navy is excludable. b. DSTV is a public good and the Navy is a private good. c. DSTV is excludable and Navy is nonexcludable. d. DSTV is nonexcludable and the Navy is a public good.The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. 1. What is the private value of the last unit traded (or the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer) in the market? 2. What is the private cost of the last unit produced and traded (or the private cost to the marginal seller) in the market? 3. What is the social cost of the last unit traded in the market? 4. In the stylised model, what is the cost of pollution per high-emission vehicle purchased by buyers equal to?Which of the following goods is non-rival and non-excludable? a congested toll road a congested nontoll road an uncongested toll road an uncongested nontoll road
- What is the connection between Immanuel Wallerstein's theory and the global e-waste trade?Suppose that we have a model that estimates that taking the COVID-19 vaccine creates a positive externality to society that is at least equal to $1500 per vaccine. (Amazing, right? Well, remember that I made it up.) This means that for every person that takes the vaccine, the benefits to society will be $1500 or more. a. First, what factors do you think go into estimating the benefits of $1500 per vaccine. This is kind of a brainstorming question – but it is worth points so don’t skip it. b. What is the relationship between the equilibrium quantity of vaccines and the socially optimal quantity of vaccines?What are the types of market failures that occur in the case of addressing climate change, explain!