Explain through a schematic and write the type II protein insert in the ER membrane.

Q: Rank the following in order of size: tRNA, DNA, mRNA.

A: A transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in…

Q: Describe the events of protein translation that occur on the surface of a ribosome.

A: The central dogma of life involves transcription of the DNA into mRNA during which the genetic code…

Q: describe the process of translation/protein synthesis at the ribosome based on these figures

A: Answer: TRANSLATION = It is the process in central dogma where mRNA is translated in to proteins in…

Q: In a detailed diagram show and explain all the locations where RNA may regulate protein translation.…

A: A nucleic acid is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information…

Q: According to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The…

A: Codons are the triplet nucleotide sequences either of RNA or DNA, which helps in binding specific…

Q: If cells are infected with a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) strain in which a viral gene (VSVG) is…

A: VSV (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the rhabdoviridae…

Q: Draw/Diagram and describe RNA processing in eukaryotes. Where does this take place?  description…

A: RNA processing ( Splicing ) in eukaryotes is removal non coding segments (introns) and capping and…

Q: In 3-4 sentences each Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens…

A: Need to find: Difference between Introns and Exons. What happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and…

Q: Starting from the mRNA that is produced and released into the cytosol, describe in detail how the…

A: Beta Hexosaminidase is a lysosomal enzyme used by the cell for GM2 gangliosides degradation. The…

Q: List the major categories of proteins in a proteome

A: The term proteome is coined by Marc Wilkins in 1994.

Q: After isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the rest of the cytoplasm, you purify the RNAs…

A: Translation is the process in which the mature m RNA is converted into a polypeptide chain of amino…

Q: Describe what is happening at each of the four stages of translation shown in the above diagram-

A: The translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA molecule is…

Q: List reasons why the proteome is larger than the genome.

A: Genes are the unit of  hereditary present in thousands of number on the double-helical strands of…

Q: Describe protein biosynthesis. Define transcription and translation. What enzyme…

A: The cell biology is considered as the study of cells, their structure, and their functions. The…

Q: Given the following mRNA sequence, write the peptide sequence that will result from protein…

A: mRNA stands for messenger RNA( Ribonucleic acid).  Protein translation is a process of making…

Q: Examine the diagram below. At which times is translation but occurring? Production of a Particular…

A: The translation of the information contained in a mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) into an amino…

Q: Compare transcription to translation.  Which of the process is mostly related to errors?

A: Transcription vs Translation Initiation- The transcription process is the beginning of the gene…

Q: Which of the following is most likely to have a small protein called ubiquitin attached to it?

A: Ubiquitin is a type of regulatory protein which is found in eukaryotic cells and help in various…

Q: describe how a protein is processed that is going to end up as a lysosomal enzyme. Start with the…

A: Proteins- Proteins are building blocks of every life. We have proteins in every cell. It is made up…

Q: Explain the translation with its stages.

A: All cells use replication, transcription, and translation to keep track of their genetic material…

Q: Using the given information, determine the correct order of the following events during translation:

A:

Q: Match the activity with the part of the gene.

A: A promoter is a DNA sequence to which proteins attach and which initiates transcription of a single…

Q: Explain what MRNA is and FRNA is.

A: RNA, also known as ribonucleic acid, is a nucleotide polymer composed of a ribose sugar, phosphate,…

Q: Describe the process of protein synthesis and localize where each step takes place.

A: Protein synthesis is the process wherein cells make proteins. It happens in two phases:…

Q: Explain (in one or two lines) the function of the followings:(a) Promoter(b) tRNA(c) Exons

A: The process of DNA based gene expression in which a particular sequence of DNA molecules are copied…

Q: What molecule in the cell is the first to recognize the signal peptide as it is translated by the…

A: The signal peptides are small peptides which are present at N-terminus of the proteins.

Q: Using a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large…

A: Ribosomes are sphere shaped structures located within the cytoplasm of a cell. They remain free in…

Q: Describe what happens to the transcribed mRNA before it can leave the nucleus and be used for…

A: Introduction Messenger RNA (mRNA):- It is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein…

Q: Briefly describe the events in translation.

A: The translation is one of the defined processes of the cell cycle. It is the last step in fact and…

Q: tight packing of previously less condensed chromatin   identify which describes the statement…

A: Post translational modifications in histone proteins can change the shape of chromatin, which can…

Q: Write the standard base sequence of the messenger RNA that would cause a ribosome to make the…

A: The amino acids in the protein are placed in the order from N-terminus to C- terminus. The mRNA are…

Q: Give the elongation factors used in bacterial translation and explain the role played by each factor…

A: Protein synthesis involves in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Elongation is…

Q: Indicate the class of drug that is stopping polypeptide translation: change 30S subunit…

A: Translation is the process of Synthesis of proteins with the help of mRNA, tRNA and ribosome. Some…

Q: See Hint What structure is responsible for selecting and transporting only properly processed…

A: Introduction:- mRNA (messenger RNA) is a molecule found in cells that transports genetic information…

Q: The CFTR membrane protein hasS an alpha helix that spans the membrane. The amino acid sequence of…

A: The CFTR gene codes for a protein known as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.…

Q: Construct a polypeptide chain by translating the given red strand of the mRNA segment.…

A: Translation It is defined as the process of protein synthesis in which the sequence of mRNA is…

Q: Identify the features of tRNA that are important in decoding genetic information and converting it…

A: Codons encode specific amino acids for protein synthesis, a process known as translation. Transfer…

Q: Define (whether post-transcriptional, post-translational, transcription) and describe the regulation…

A: Ferritin is a key player in controlling Fe levels in the body. It regulates the amount of Fe it…

Q: Explain the process of Transcription and Translation. List three antibiotics and explain how these…

A: All the genetic information needed by the cell to perform its activities is encoded and stored in…

Q: Explain how phosphorylation affects the function of the CREB protein.

A: It is a transcription factor that regulates a wide range of cellular responses, including…

Q: Examine the diagram below. At which times is transcription and not translation occurring? Production…

A: The phenotypic characteristics of an organism are controlled and regulated by its proteome, and each…

Q: Draw a schematic diagram for RNA (a) transcription and (b) translation then label organelles,…

A: A. Transcription is a synthesis of RNA with the help of the template strand of the DNA. B.…

Q: Explain a  model of a bacterial ribosome, showing the small (30S) and large (50S) subunits, both…

A: The ribosome's basic structure in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic…

Q: Explain how a typical ligand is secreted starting from the time the ribosome starts translating the…

A: The ligand is a cell signalling molecule that is responsible for the cell signalling process.…

Q: Outline the sequence of events that must take place for a protein to be manufactured and then…

A: DNA is the ultimate blueprint for the cell, including all of the instructions for protein synthesis.…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.