Explain to a friend the experimental strategy that was used to decipher the genetic code

Q: A scientist splices a eukaryotic promoter in front of a bacterial gene and inserts the gene in a…

A: Splicing is a process which ensures that the mRNA includes the correct information sequences.…

Q: What is the ENCODE project?

A: ENCODE is Encyclopedia of DNA Elements. It is a project funded by National Human Genome Research…

Q: Design an experiment to determine whether a specific gene is transcribed by RNA polymerase II.

A: RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for the flow of genetic information from DNA to messenger…

Q: If a gene contains 2 introns and 3 exons, explain and draw what it would look like in an R loop…

A: R-loop is a structure containing 3 strands of nucleic acid and is all a hybrid of DNA: RNA with…

Q: What would be the modifier to add to this HCPCS code?

A: HCPCS Level II codes are a combination of alphabets and numerals assigned to medical services,…

Q: Explain why there is redundancy in the genetic code but no ambiguity.

A: Redundancy: One amino acid is coded by more than one triplet codon. Ambiguity: One triplet codon…

Q: Two examples utilize RNA reverse transcription in their biology, what are they?

A: Reverse transcription is the exact opposite of the transcription. It involves the synthesis of the…

Q: could Nirenberg and Matthaei have substituted RNA polymerase instead of polynucleotide phosphorylase…

A: The scientist Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich J. Matthaei designed an experiment to elucidate the…

Q: If the nonsense mutation is in the last exon of the mRNA, the result would be:

A: Exons are sections of an RNA transcript, that code for a protein. Exons are separated by non-coding…

Q: A) Describe each step of the DNA REPLICATION in EUKARYOTIC organisms B) Describe each step of the…

A: Transcription = Re-writing DNA into RNADNA is "transcribed" or re-written into RNA in a very…

Q: How geneticists used synthetic mRNAs to limit the coding possibilities?

A: Prior to the technology existed for RNA synthesis of defined sequence such as given in the figure…

Q: What would you expect to happen if you delete an important portion of a promoter?

A: Promoters are immediately upstream from the gene and play a crucial role in determining whether…

Q: In general, why is it important to regulate genes? Discuss examples of situations in which it would…

A: Genes are sets of nucleotides that codes for a particular protein. The genes have to be expressed…

Q: Explain next-generation sequencers.

A: Sequencing is the process that helps to find out the primary structure of a biopolymer.…

Q: What different methods were used to help break the genetic code? What did each method reveal and…

A: The genetic code is a triplet code, in which three nucleotides encode each amino acid in a protein.…

Q: Give two reasons why both the strands are not copied during transcription?

A: Processes of synthesizing RNA from DNA with the help of an enzyme RNA polymerase is termed as…

Q: Describe a technique you would use to identify the location of mRNA in an organism.

A: ANS: Microarray analysis enables researchers to look at expression patterns across all of the genes…

Q: how is The Genetic Code Is Almost,but Not Quite, Universal?

A: The genetic code is the set of rules used to translate information encoded within the messenger…

Q: Define Universal code  as they apply to the genetic code

A: Genetic code is universal. If AUG specifies methionine in monkey it also specify the same amino acid…

Q: How did the genetic code originate?

A: Genetic code includes three letters of nucleotides that code for a particular amino acid.

Q: Why can the genetic code be qualified as a “degenerate code”?

A: The genetic code is referred as the nucleotide sequence of nitrogenous base, which specifies the…

Q: Explain in your own words the role of a medical transcriptionist

A: Medical transcriptionist is person who transcribing voice-recorded medical reports that are dictated…

Q: Discuss the use of transposons as mutagens in bacteria.

A: Transposon A transposable element is a mobile element, also known as the jumping gene. This element…

Q: Describe the connection between silent mutations and redundancy of the code.  ​

A: BASIC INFORMATION  MUTATION  It is a discontinuous change in genes which leads to change in genotype…

Q: Explain what it means to say that the genetic code is redundant and unambiguous?

A: Genetic code is said to be redundant or degenerate. This statement holds true as one amino acid can…

Q: Define the following terms: a. open reading frame b. degenerate coding system c. nonoverlapping…

A: Note: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three…

Q: Sketch a figure to show how reverse transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.…

A: Reverse transcription is a process of synthesis of RNA (short for ribonucleic acid) from DNA (short…

Q: You are trying to produce a mammalian protein in the bacterium Escherichia coli. To make sure you…

A: E.coli is a gram-negative bacteria. It contains plasmids that are used as vectors in many processes…

Q: Schematic structure of a transcription unit?

A: The mechanism by which a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is used to synthesize a molecule of…

Q: What are The Effects of Mutations on Polypeptides Helped Verify the Code?

A: DNA is a molecule that is both complex and adaptable. As such, as the product of a process called…

Q: Select two primers from the list below that would exclusively amplify exon 3 in

A: Polymerase chain reaction was developed by Karry Mullis . It utilizes the ability of DNA to make…

Q: Define Nonoverlapping code as they apply to the genetic code

A: The set of rules that allows genetic material information to get translated into proteins is called…

Q: Explain the Conservation of the genetic code

A: Genetic code is the set of rules by which the genetic information is translated into proteins…

Q: What are genetic codes with suitable examples?

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. They carry coded genetic information…

Q: Define Reading frame as they apply to the genetic code

A: The central dogma of life is- DNA ---> mRNA ---> Protein The process of formation of mRNA from…

Q: Explain how mutations were used to verify the geneticcode.

A: Genetic code is defined as a set of rules that decodes the information from DNA into a protein. A…

Q: Why is RNA editing important?

A: An mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA). It is a type of RNA molecule. The major…

Q: What is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code? – Define what degeneracy means and…

A: Introduction :- The genetic code is made up of codons, which are three-letter nucleotide pairings…

Q: Define Nonuniversal codons as they apply to the genetic code

A: The rules that are followed by living cells to synthesize proteins from mRNA is called genetic code.…

Q: can you explain Discoveries of the Genetic Code

A: The existance of a triplet code was simply an assumption till Nirenburg ( Nobel Prize winner) and…

Q: Explain how DNA is sequenced by the Sanger chain termination method

A: DNA is a polymer of multiple nucleotides connected together via phosphodiester bonds. A nucleotide…

Q: Suppose we take tissue samples from the kidney and the liver of a healthy individual. If we compare…

A: Genetic sequences or the genome of a cell is present in the nucleus and includes DNA molecule…

Q: Discuss evidence that the genetic code is almostuniversal, and cite some exceptions.

A: Genetic code is defined as a set of rules that decodes the information from DNA into a protein. A…

Q: You sequence a gene of interest and isolate the matching mRNA. You find that the mRNA is…

A: In order for a gene to be converted into a functional protein, the gene or the segment of DNA…

Q: Define Initiation codon as they apply to the genetic code

A: Initiation codon is the starting point of translation. From initiation ribosome starts protein…

Q: Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.

A: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that form the genetic material in organisms. There are mainly two…