Explain why a heterotrophic organism may require vitamins, whereas an autotroph does not.

Q: Explain the diagnostic value of the enzyme amylase

A: The hydrolysis of starch into sugar is catalysed by the enzymes called Amylase.

Q: What is the function of citrate in cellular respiration?

A: Cellular respiration is the metabolic process that takes place inside the cell. In this, the cells…

Q: . Explain why coenzyme Q is an effective mobile electron carrier in the electron-transport chain.

A: Reduced electron carriers, NADH, and FADH2 are generated during glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and…

Q: [ALPHABETICAL ORDER] Name the first of 13 glucogenic amino acids that convert to an intermediate…

A: Glucogenic aminoacids are those that form an intermediate precursor of glucose which are converted…

Q: What exactly are pseudovitamins? What distinguishes them from vitamins?  Compare these two in terms…

A: Vitamins are chemical compounds that are needed in little amounts by humans. Because the body either…

Q: What is the function of cytochrome c oxidase?

A: Cytochromes oxidase also is known as complex IV. It is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport…

Q: Can the bacteria Alicaligenes Faecalis ferment lactose?

A: Can the bacteria Alicaligenes faecalis ferment lactose.

Q: Why is glycolysis more rapid after the infusion of fructose?

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway of carbohydrate breakdown i.e. glucose breakdown to yield a…

Q: List two examples of ribozymes and the reactions they catalyze

A: Enzymes can be defined as the proteins that act as the biological catalysts (biocatalysts).…

Q: Name the substrate and the product of (a) glycogenesis and (b)  glycogenolysis.

A: Explanation given for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Q: Is the reduced form of cytochrome c more likely to give up its electron to oxidized cytochrome a or…

A: In mitochondria, cytochrome c is an element of the electron transport chain. Electrons from the bc1…

Q: Explain why there is an energy-investment phase andenergy-harvesting phase to glycolysis ?

A: The correct definition of glycolysis is "splitting of sugars". It is a multistep reaction by which…

Q: a. Why is the energy investment stage of glycolysis called as such?   b. Why is the energy harvest…

A: Aerobic metabolism is a set of three basic metabolic processes that occur in cells to generate…

Q: Why is egg buoyancy an indicator of egg freshness? Explain in terms of the chemical/biochemical…

A: Eggs provide a number of health benefits, like as They're high in choline, a vitamin that's needed…

Q: Compare between the Kreb cycle and fatty acid synthesis pathways in term of:

A: KREB CYCLE FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS METABOLIC PATHWAY Amphibolic (both catabolic and anabolic)…

Q: In transamination reactions, which of the following is not a donor amino acid–acceptor α-keto acid…

A: Transamination was the process in which amino group  was removed from the  amino acid and transfer…

Q: Explain the likely reason why CO2 was produced from lactose and galactose?

A: Lactose intolerance – it is the inability of a person to digest lactose due to lack in lactase…

Q: What is the important function of the pentose phosphate pathway for microbial cells?

A: Introduction  The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic process that proceeds in the reverse way…

Q: Explain how the pentose phosphate pathway can respond to a cell’s need for ATP, NADPH, and ribose-5-…

A: Metabolic pathways include all the chemical pathways that occur in the living cells.

Q: Define transamination reactions using a suitable example.  How are these reactions useful in…

A: Metabolic reactions are used to convert simple metabolites into complex ones. Metabolic reactions…

Q: What is feedback inhibition in nitrogen metabolism?

A: Biosynthetic pathways producing amino acids and the nucleotides bases (purines and pyrimidines) are…

Q: Describe the chemical reaction of glycotysis.

A: Through a sequence of processes known as glycolysis, glucose is divided into two pyruvate molecules,…

Q: Why would it be advantageous for a cell to use glucose before lactose?

A: Glucose and lactose are both carbohydrates that are used as an energy source. When glucose and…

Q: why are ketones formed during starvation

A: Biochemical reactions involves a series enzyme-catalyzed reactions that involves the generation of a…

Q: What is a zymogen (proenzyme)? Explain briefly with an example

A: Enzymes exist in both active and inactive state in body. Some of the enzymes that are present in…

Q: State the products created when pyruvate is oxidized

A: Pyruvate oxidation is defined as the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate decarboxylase…

Q: how many water molecules are needed for the krebs cycle to completely metabolize one molecule of…

A: The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and is the main pathway for cellular…

Q: GLUCONEOGENESIS Reactant Coenzyme/ Product Cofactor Enzymes

A: The balance between the rate of glucose leaving and entering the blood circulation…

Q: How many cycles of b-oxidation are required to process a fatty acid with 17 carbons?

A: A fatty acid is the simplest form of lipids that is a long chain of hydrocarbon attached to the…

Q: If the C-6 carbon of glucose werelabeled with 14C, which of the carbons atoms in 2PG would be…

A: Glycolysis is the process in which glucose is metabolized into the pyruvate with the formation of…

Q: What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?

A: The process of exchange of gases through different modes, like air or water, for their survival is…

Q: Why are relatively modest quantities of NAD+ needed in comparison to the vast quantity of…

A: Introduction The Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. In…

Q: Describe the role of the citric acid cycle in anabolism

A: Ans: Anabolism: The monomers joined together with the help of an enzyme is referred to as anabolic…

Q: Discuss the logic of the nature of the allosteric inhibitors and activators of glycolysis. Why would…

A: Glycolysis is a major metabolic pathway that is used by all cells for the breakdown of glucose to…

Q: Identify the types of nutrients that can be used in cellular respiration. --For each category of…

A: In the course of cellular respiration, oxygen and glucose are also reactants. ATP is the principal…

Q: Explain why all mono- and disaccharides are soluble in water? What are some examples of artificial…

A: All mono- and disaccharides are soluble in water. Monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and…

Q: Compare and contrast pyruvate metabolism in themitochondrion and the hydrogenosome.

A: Cellular respiration is the oxidation of nutrients to retrieve the energy stored in them.

Q: How many C02 molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of stearic acid through catabolic…

A: Beta-oxidation of fatty acid involves the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid which removes…

Q: Explain the process of B-oxidation. What is the result of each cycle?

A: Beta oxidation is the metabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down to its simpler…

Q: Describe biosynthesis of selenocysteine with a flow chart.

A: Selenocysteine  It is a selenium-containing amino acid.  It is a vital component of many enzymes…

Q: Why is ATP hydrolysis is so favorable?

A: INTRODUCTION ATP Adenosine Tri Phosphate this molecule transfer and store energy in cell.

Q: cytochromes can be regarded as dehydrogenases.

A: Cytochromes basically contain a protein (dehydrogenase) and haem(iron group). Cytochromes are…

Q: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about cholesterol biosynthesis?

A: Cholesterol is a form of lipid and is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.