Explain the principle of HAT medium used during monoclonal antibodies production.

Q: Explain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.

A: The joining of segments of antibody and T cell receptor (TCR) genes in developing lymphocytes is…

Q: Describe effector functions of antibodies.

A: The antibody is known to be the protein substance synthesized by the body’s immune system. It…

Q: Illustrate the structure of an antibody molecule. Label the constant and variable regions, the Fc…

A: An antibody, also referred to as an immunoglobulin, may be a Y-shaped structure which consists of 4…

Q: Based on the five major classes of antibodies given below, which of the following is present on the…

A: Antibody: It can be defined as a Y-shaped protein of the immune system responsible for detecting and…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: Summarize antibody production starting with pathogeninteraction with a B cell.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: w antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens,

A: Thymus-dependent antigens are two categories of antigens that must come into contact with T-helper…

Q: state the most common reason for a false-negative antibody test

A: Explanation: False negative test is the negative result obtained due to negative reaction in the…

Q: Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies,…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped large molecules that combine with the antigen for neutralizing…

Q: Describe the difference between (A) ‘naked antibodies’ and (B) conjugated antibodies in the context…

A: Cancer is a condition in which the cells undergo infinite multiplication and differentiation causing…

Q: What is the significance of a rise in titer of specific antibodies in serum samples taken at…

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the…

Q: Describe the two major ways in which monoclonal antibodies are used for immunotherapy

A: Immunotherapy means treating a disease by inducing the immune response of the individual.…

Q: Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, andexplain the different functions of IgG,…

A: Antibodies are also known as immunoglobulins that are produced from the B-cells or B-lymphocytes.…

Q: Describe the reason as to why inducing plasma cells to secrete IgG instead of IgE prevents type |…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: Briefly explain the immunological responses to bacterial superantigens and explain how they differ…

A: By the Bartleby guidelines, only one question can be answered at at time. The first question has…

Q: Explain Protein-ligand binding of antibodies.

A: A ligand refers to a substance that serves a particular function when it binds to a biomolecule. It…

Q: Name the WBCs that produce antibodies.

A: The WBCs are the white blood cells or leukocytes and these are cells of the immune system that are…

Q: Describe the structural and functional differencesamong the five major classes of antibodies.…

A: Antibodies: Antibodies are a type of globular proteins that belongs to family immunoglobulin (Ig)…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: What are antigens and antibodies? Explain how antibodies are produced. Note: Limit is 3-5 sentences…

A: Immunology is a branch of science which deals with the study of antigen and antibody or immune…

Q: ribe the reason that it is useful that antibodies have two antigen binding arms.

A: By the time B lymphocytes reach lymphoid tissue, they have developed their own set of antigens. This…

Q: lin antibodi

A: Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or IgG antibodies are the antibodies responsible for producing…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantified

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: Why monoclonal antibodies method is better than Polyclonal Antibodies method in detecting specific…

A: Y-shaped immunoglobulins are called antibodies which are produced by B cells. When a foreign antigen…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: List two potentially life-threatening consequences of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction and explain…

A: The immune system is critical for maintaining human health and defending the body from microbial…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: Define allergy/hypersensitivity and explain what accounts for thereactions that occur in these…

A: The immune system consists of organs and processes of the body that provides resistance to infection…

Q: Give a schematic view of cellular reactions during the type I allergic response.

A: Answer: Introduction: The immune system will produce an antibody which defence body, in reply to any…

Q: The presence of IgM antibodies indicate what type of infection? Acute or Chronic? Explain

A: IgM antibodies are membrane bound immunoglobulin.

Q: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare itto an epitope recognized by a TCR.

A: Given: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare it to an epitope recognized by a…

Q: A)   What is the significance of producing monoclonal antibodies?  B)     What is the role of cell…

A: For Question B & C Post separately

Q: Describe an immunoassay (and the steps involved) in which you could detect the presence of a…

A: 1.   An epitope, otherwise called antigenic determinant, is the piece of an antigen that is…

Q: Give the sequence of events from the time the B-cell encounters the antigen to actual antibody…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: Based on the constant region of the antibodies there are only five iso-types of the antibodies,…

A: Antibodies are the glycoproteins and two heavy chains and two light chains.

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Q: Antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigensite are (monoclonal, polyclonal).

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins. These are also known as immunoglobulins.  Antibodies identify the…

Q: Define hypersensitivity. List three types of hypersensitivity reactions. For each, note whether…

A: The immune system is responsible for the defence of the body against pathogens.

Q: Briefly explain the significance of RH factor. Why mother with Rh negative blood should receive…

A: [DISCLAIMER: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first 3…

Q: Describe hybridoma technique for developing monoclonal antibodies.

A: Technology is utilized in science, while science is used in technology. Both are vital to our…

Q: Describe the development of antibodies to a specificantigen.

A: Human body have their own system to protect themselves from harmful bacteria, Viruses which are…

Q: Explain the difference between basic T cells and B cells as they relate to a vaccine. Additionally,…

A: Lymphocytes are the major components of the human immune system. T cells and B cells are the two…

Q: Draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains,…

A: Introduction: Antibodies are the antigen binding proteins present on the B-cell membrane and…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.