Give the sequence of events from the time the B-cell encounters the antigen to actual antibody production.

Q: . – In a table, illustrate the differences between natural, artificial, active and passive immunity…

A: The immune system of the body is the system that protects the body against foreign pathogens or…

Q: Describe four or five ways that antibodies function in immunity

A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resists harmful microorganisms from…

Q: Explain the type, order of appearance, and amount of immunoglobulin in each response and what causes…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of a pair of identical polypeptide light chain and…

Q: What are the mechanisms used by B cells to generate antibody diversity?

A: Antibodies are immunoglobulins produced in response to an antigenic stimulation. They mai either…

Q: Describe how B cells produce a great variety of differentantibodies, each specific for a particular…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: How can an intracellular virus be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the mechanism…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against foreign antigen in order to prevent any…

Q: Summarize antibody production starting with pathogeninteraction with a B cell.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Define immunological tolerance, and explain mechanisms that may be responsible for T and B…

A: The lymphocyte is the type of white blood cell present in the vertebrate immune system. Lymphocytes…

Q: When encountering antigen, describe the mechanism of antigen presentation by B cells.

A: Antigen presenting cell or APC is any cell that can process and present a part of antigen in…

Q: Match the antibody classes with their characteristics:  IgM IgG IgA IgE IgD Most efficient for…

A: BASIC INFORMATION  ANTIBODIES  In our blood 20 percent proteins are antibodies. These are…

Q: True or False: Plasma B cells secrete antibodies into the bloodstream?

A: Plasma B Cells, also known as Plasma cells are a differentiated white blood cells which are capable…

Q: Describe the structure and function of antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Glycoproteins also known as immunoglobulin. An antibody is Y shaped and produced by B…

Q: Contrast the primary and secondary response to antigens.

A: The immune system provides defence against invading pathogens. It is a complex network of cells,…

Q: Define monoclonal antibody.

A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: Outline the sequence of events in a humoral immune response, from the introduction of antigen to the…

A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…

Q: Describe a mechanism by which an antigen can enter the lymph node and make contact with the B-cell…

A: The response of B-cell includes two events that take place in different regions and at different…

Q: Why is the secondary response to an antigen so much faster than the primary response?

A: The secondary immunologic response is that the reaction of the immune system once it contacts a…

Q: Describe the difference between cellular and humoral immunity in at least 2 paragraphs

A: Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infections by pathogens or state of protection…

Q: True

A: Introduction :- B- cell (B lymphocyte) is one of the most important cell of the body. They form a…

Q: Discuss three mechanism by which antibody mediate the destruction of pathogen.

A: Antibody An antibody(Ab) is a large protein molecules. The structure of antibody molecule is Y…

Q: Explain why repeated rounds of antigen exposure can alter antibody structure and function

A: Antigens are molecules, that are capable to stimulate immune response. Each antigens have distinct…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: Explain why are B cells known as Antigen Presenting cells and what happens after antigen…

A: As B cell has MHC class II so that it can present antigen.  B celk has IgM or IgD antibody that…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: List the effects of antibodies binding to antigens

A: Antigen-antibody communication, or antigen-antibody response, is an interaction between chemicals…

Q: Explain the process used to produce monoclonal antibodies and the reasons that they are produced.

A: Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single cell through cell division. While antibodies produced…

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Enlist point in tabular form: What is the difference between Active and passive immunity.

A: Active immunity and passive immunity are two types of adaptive immunity. A prominent difference…

Q: Explain how the secondary response to an antigen isfaster and greater than the primary response.

A: Immune response is a function of a human body which work as a body gaurd or a protector to the body.…

Q: explain antigen-antibody complexs that is formed and how these were visible

A: An antigen is an agent that provokes the immune response in the host. The antigen is categorized…

Q: describe the process of B-cell activation after a pathogen was recognized and bound to the B-cell…

A: B cell is commonly known as B lymphocytes is a category of white blood cells. B cell function in the…

Q: Explain the mechanisms of antibody action and correlate mechanisms with effector functions.

A: Immunology is a branch of science that deals with the aspects of immune reactions, antibody…

Q: For each pair of terms, explain the relationship between the meanings of the terms. 3. pathogen and…

A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and…

Q: Contrast the general functions of the different antibody classes.

A: Antibody also known as immunoglobulins are Y shaped molecules that forms the major part of the…

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Q: Describe the actions of an antigen-presenting cell.

A: Antigens are foreign elements that stimulate the production of antibodies by activation of the…

Q: Describe the features of an antigen, and explain what is meant by antigenic determinant.

A: A molecule or chemical structure that can attach to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor is…

Q: If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it will clump with antigen B such clumping indicates…

A: Clumping indicates the mixing of incompatible blood

Q: In table form, differentiate Cell mediated from Antibody mediated (humoral) Immunity according to…

A: Immunity It is defined as the ability of organisms to be able to resist harmful microorganisms. It…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.