externality arises when a. not all costs and benefits are included in the price of a good b. a market fails to achieve equilibrium c. the benefits of consuming a good exceed the costs

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Chapter12: Environmental Protection And Negative Externalities
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A market failure in the form of an externality arises when

a. not all costs and benefits are included in the price of a good
b. a market fails to achieve equilibrium
c. the benefits of consuming a good exceed the costs
d. production costs are included in the price of a good
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