f. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced right after glycolysis: g. Total number of all NADH molecules produced after complete oxidation: h. Total number of all FADH2 molecules produced after complete oxidation: i. Total number of all mitochondrial GTP molecules produced: j. Total number of net ATP molecules produced after complete oxidation:
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- The following link carbohydrate metabolism with lipid biosynthesis: (a) How many molecules of glucose are required to provide the carbon for synthesis of one molecule of palmitate? (b) How many molecules of glucose are required if all of the glucose first proceeds through the pentose phosphate pathway before proceeding through the rest of glycolysis on its way to pyruvate?Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. a. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis: b. Total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis: c. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: d. Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction: e. Total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle: f. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced right after glycolysis: g. Total number of all NADH molecules produced after complete oxidation: h. Total number of all FADH2 molecules produced after…Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 4 molecules of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. a. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis: b. Total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis: c. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: d. Total number of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction: e. Total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle: f. Total number of net cytosolic ATP molecules produced right after glycolysis: g. Total number of all NADH molecules produced after complete oxidation: h. Total number of all FADH2 molecules produced after…
- Isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of the degradation products of starch is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to its intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the no. of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of isomaltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. Answer the ff.: a) Total no. of glucose molecules entering glycolysis b) Total no. of pyruvate mols. produced at the end of glycolysis c) Total no. of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex d) Total no. of CO2 released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction e) Total no. of acetyl CoA mols. entering the Citric Acid Cycle f) Total no. of net cytosolic ATP mols. produced right after glycolysis g) Total no. of all NADH mols. produced after complete oxidation h) Total no. of all FADH2 mols. produced after complete oxidation i) Total no. of all mitochondrial…Lipoic Acid is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called Lipoamide A patient diagnosed with lipoic acid deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids. On the following list, highlight the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a lipoic acid deficiency? Note: There may be more than one. Isocitrate Pyruvate Succinate α-ketoglutarate Malate Fumarate Briefly explain.Adults who participate in vigourous physical exercise need around 160 g of carbohydrate per day but just approximately 20 mg of niacin for good nutrition. How do you interpret the finding in light of niacin's involvement in glycolysis?
- A common procedure for determining the effectiveness of compounds as precursors of glucose in mammals is to starve the animal until the liverglycogen stores are depleted and then administer the compound in question. A substrate that leads to a net increase in liver glycogen is termed glucogenic, because it must first be converted to glucose 6-phosphate. Show by means of known enzymatic reactions which of the following substances are glucogenic.If glucagon binds to the liver cell, what is the expected regulation of the bifunctional enzyme phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase and how would the levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate be impacted?In the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occur
- In healthy adults, the concentration of glucose in blood is approximately80 to 110 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl). After a carbohydrate-richmeal, however, the concentration may spike to 140 mg/dl. Describe thehormonal action that returns blood glucose to normal.After determining the optimum pH, you are now tasked to determine the inhibitory effects of acarbose, a known anti-diabetic drug which acts an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, an intestinal enzyme that hydrolyzes starch to release glucose for absorption and energy usage of the body. You studied the rates of the enzyme at different glycogen concentrations with and without the presence of 0.10 mM acarbose. Below is the summary for this procedure. a) What is the Vmax, in arbitrary units, of the uninhibited reaction (without acarbose)? b) What is the KM , in mM, of the uninhibited reaction (without acarbose)? c) What is the type of inhibition?upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 2. what is the total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis?