Fill in the blanks: What occurred in the reaction, Sn4+ → Sn²+ A. oxidation B. reduction B. reduction C. hydrolysis D. none of the above
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- QUESTION 4 According to the Arrenhius theory, an acid is: a. a substance that forms hydroxide ions b. a proton donor c. a substance that forms hydronium ions d. a proton acceptorQuestion 1: Part a: Assume that the standard free energy of ATP hydrolysis is -31 kJ/mol. Assume the following values for the standard free energy changes of the four reactions: HK -16.7 kJ/mol; PFK -14.2 kJ/mol; PGK -18.9 kJ/mol; PK -31.7 kJ/mol. (from bio.libretexts.org). Use these values to compute the standard free energy of hydrolysis (releasing Pi) of i. glucose 6-P ii. fructose 1,6-bis-P iii. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate iv. phosphoenolpyruvate Part b: Which of these four compounds is the strongest phosphoryl donor?______________ Which is the weakest?__________________ Part c: The phosphoglycerate kinase reaction is favorable by -18.9 kJ/mol in the glycolytic direction, as stated above. In gluconeogenesis, this step is simply reversed; i.e. it is not one of the three steps in gluconeogenesis that is driven by using different chemistry than that of glycolysis. How can this be? (Be specific: what specific factors could enable reversal of this step?)Question 14 a) Radioactive decay produces ionising radiation. Like all ionising radiation this can lead to harmful effects on living tissue due to cell damage including damage to DNA, mutation and cell death. Contrast the differing health risks associated when working with alpha, beta or gamma radiation sources. b) Describe some ways in which those working with radioactive sources and people in general can be protected against the risks of radiation exposure from such sources.
- Question 1: The overall process enabled by the glyoxylate cycle is: (2acetyl-CoA) + (NAD+) + (2H2O) → (succinate) + (2CoA) + (NADH) + (2H+) Dissect this process further by writing down all of the reactions that are actually involved in making one succinate from two acetyl-CoA units. Show chemical structure for all intermediates.QUESTION 48 The abyssal zone of the ocean is characterized by ____. a. abundant living organisms despite the lack of sunlight for photosynthesis b. being warm and brightly lit c. an abundance of plants, animals, and other species d. having almost no living organisms e. having high concentrations of dissolved oxygenQUESTION 47 The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to accept electrons that come from NADH. produce CO2. react with glucose to split water. catalyze reactions in glycolysis. breakdown ATP.
- QUESTION 1 a. John has just taken his Lunch meal, after which he is going to takes his Daily soccer practice match in the next 30 min, how will glycolysis operate/work in such conditions or be applicable b. How will oxidative phosphorylation work in sickly John who usually practice daily in soccer? Make possible scenarios c. Enzymes are critical in the metabolism of most most organic compounds, actually 30% of reactions are catalysed by them. How would the inactive enzymes (Sickness) in electron Transport Chain compromise the fat breakdown in the body.Question 1: Cytochrome c oxidase actually conserves energy not just by pumping protons from the matrix to cytosol but also by consuming protons from the matrix in production of water. If consumption of a matrix proton has a similar effect on the gradient as pumping a proton (not strictly true but a fair place to start), what would the efficiency of energy conservation be?Question 1: When the CAC is run in reverse by microorganisms that use it to fix carbon, the citrate synthase reaction is different and is catalyzed by an enzyme called ATP-citrate lyase. Write the reaction catalyzed by ATP-citrate lyase, then briefly (in one sentence) explain why the use of different chemistry (different from the ‘normal’ direction) makes sense here.
- QUESTION 1 1.1 Draw a schematic diagram of the components of the electron transport chain, depicting the enzymes and components of the chain. The site of inhibition of well known inhibitors should also be indicated 1.2 Draw a diagram of the antioxidant metabolism involved in reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydroxyl free radicals and hydrogen peroxide) with the electron transport chain as the origin.Question:- According to Table 19-2 in Lehninger, which species would most readily donate its electron(s)? A. water B. cytochrome c (Fe2+) C. ubiquinol D. FMNH2 E. NADHQuestion 6 Below is a BSA standard curve and the duplicate values of absorbance for 3 samples. Calculate the concentration of BSA in each sample and say if the standard curve is adequate for each of these samples? Why or why not? If not, what would you do to fix this? Show your calculations.