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- Assume that there are two identical firms serving a market in which the inverse demandfunction is given byP =100-2Q. The marginal costs of each firm are $10 per unit.Calculate the Cournot equilibrium outputs for each firm, the product price, and the profitsof each firm.suppose there are two firms that compete in prices, say firms 1 and 2, but that the firms produce differentiated products. Suppose that the demand for firm 1 is q1(p1,p2)=10-2p1+p2 and the demand for firm 2 is q2(p2,p1)=10-2p2+p1. Also, assume that firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of c1 = 2 and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of c2 = 3. i. Solve for the Bertrand equilibrium in prices. ii. Now, suppose firms 1 and 2 merge and firm 1 will operate both firms and they will split the resulting profits equally. Will both firms agree to this merger or do they prefer the Bertrand outcome?Consider a homogeneous goods industry where two firms operate and the linear demand is given by p(y1 + y2 ) = a - b(y1 + y2 ), where p is the market price, and y1 (y2) is the output produced by firm 1 (2). There are no costs for firm 1 or firm 2. Derive the best responses (reaction curve) for firm 1 and firm 2. Explain the term best response (reaction curve). Illustrate the best responses in a diagram. b) For the case in (a) determine the Cournot equilibrium (Nash equilibrium in quantities) when firm 1 and firm 2 compete simultaneously in quantities. How large are firm 1’s and firm 2’s profits? What is the industry output? Suppose the inverse demand curve in a market is D(p) =a-bp, where D(p) is the quantity demanded and p is the market price. Firm 1 is the leader and has a cost function c1(y1)=cy1 while firm 2 is the follower with a cost function c2(y2 )=. Firm 1 sets its price to maximise its profit. Firm 1 correctly forecasts that the follower takes the price leader’s chosen…
- Consider a homogeneous goods industry where two firms operate and the linear demand is given by p(y1 + y2 ) = a - b(y1 + y2 ), where p is the market price, and y1 (y2) is the output produced by firm 1 (2). There are no costs for firm 1 or firm 2. Derive the best responses (reaction curve) for firm 1 and firm 2. Explain the term best response (reaction curve). Illustrate the best responses in a diagram. b) For the case in (a) determine the Cournot equilibrium (Nash equilibrium in quantities) when firm 1 and firm 2 compete simultaneously in quantities. How large are firm 1’s and firm 2’s profits? What is the industry output? c) Suppose the inverse demand curve in a market is D(p) =a-bp, where D(p) is the quantity demanded and p is the market price. Firm 1 is the leader and has a cost function c1(y1)=cy1 while firm 2 is the follower with a cost function c2(y2 )=y22 /2. Firm 1 sets its price to maximise its profit. Firm 1 correctly forecasts that the follower takes the price…Consider an inverse market demand P= 200 − 2Q. Suppose there are two firms in the market, firm 1 and 2 have constant marginal and average cost MC = AC= 20. Suppose that firm 1 is a Stackelberg leader, (i.e., it determines its output before firm 2.) Determine the Stackelberg equilibrium outputs and profits.The inverse market demand for fax paper is given by P=100-Q. There are two firms who produce fax paper. Firm 1 has a cost of production of C1= 15*Q1 and firm 2 has a cost of production of C2=20*Q2 a) Suppose firm 1 and firm 2 compute simultaneously in quantities. What are the Cournot quantities and prices?What are the profits of firm 1 and 2?b) Suppose firm 1 and firm 2 compete simultaneously in prices. What are the Bertrand quantities and prices?What are the profits of firm 1 and 2?
- Consider two firms that compete according to the Cournot model. Inverse demand is P (Q) = 16 − Q. Their cost functions are C (q1) = 2q1 and C (q2) = 6q2 (a) Solve for Nash equilibrium quantities of each firm (b) Suppose firm 2 becomes more inefficient and its cost function changes to C (q2) = xq2 where x > 6. How large must x be to cause firm 2 to not want to produce anything in equilibrium?Two firms compete in selling identical widgets. They choose their output levels Q1 and Q2 simultaneously and face the demand curve P = 30 - Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. Until recently, both firms had zero marginal costs. Recent environmental regulations have increased Firm 2’s marginal cost to $15. Firm 1’s marginal cost remains constant at zero. TRUE-FALSE: Is the following statement true of false? ”As a result, the market price will rise to the monopoly level.” Solve for the Cournot equilibrium and write a convincing explanation of your answer.Consider a homogeneous goods industry where two firms operate and the linear demand is given by p(y1 + y2 ) = a - b(y1 + y2 ), where p is the market price, and y1 (y2) is the output produced by firm 1 (2). There are no costs for firm 1 or firm 2. A. Derive the best responses (reaction curve) for firm 1 and firm 2. Explain the term best response (reaction curve). Illustrate the best responses in a diagram B. For the case in (a) determine the Cournot equilibrium (Nash equilibrium in quantities) when firm 1 and firm 2 compete simultaneously in quantities. C. How large are firm 1’s and firm 2’s profits?
- Consider a market with two firms. Each firm is located at one end of a line with lenght one. There is a mass one of consumers. The location of each consumer is given by 0 < x < 1 which is uniformly distributed (with density 1). Firms have no cost of production and set price simultaneously. a) Derive the demand for each firm by identifying the location of the indifferent consumer for each price pair. Assume that all consumers know about both products. b) Write down the profit functions and calculate the Nash equilibrium prices for both firms. c) Assume that consumers only know the product if they have received and ad. Suppose that ads are not targeted and each firm reaches any consumer with probability 0.5 with her ad. Calculate the size of the different consumer segments. Determine the resulting demand and the new Nash equilibirum prices of the firms. d) Suppose that the ads are costless. When do the firms make larger profits? With fully informed consuemers b) or with imperfect…Question 3:Suppose the inverse demand for a good is given by P = 50 – 4Q, where Q is the totalquantity supplied by all firms in the market. Suppose each firm in the market has a constantmarginal cost of 18.Q3 a) Assume the market consists of two firms that set their quantities simultaneously.Calculate the duopoly levels of production and the equilibrium price. Q3 b) Now assume firm 1 chooses its production level before firm 2 does. What will be theequilibrium quantities, price and profits in this case?Q3 c) Now instead suppose that the two firms compete over prices rather than quantities.What will be the equilibrium price and profits of firms 1 and 2 in this case? Finally, if firm 1manages to lower its marginal cost to 14, what will be the new equilibrium price, quantitiesand profits?Suppose two Bertrand competitors, F1 and F2, make identical products for a market with inverse demand P = 600 – 0.5Q. Both firms have the same costs Ci = 20qi, and each firm has sufficient capacity to supply the entire market. a. What prices will the firms choose? How much might each produce and what profit would they make? Is the result a Nash equilibrium? Explain. b. Suppose F1 improves its efficiency, reducing its cost to C1 = 16q1. What will happen in this market? Explain. c. Assume now that the firms have their original identical costs, but that F1 has only 100 units of capacity and F2 has only 200 units of capacity. What prices will the firms choose now? Explain why neither firm will want to decrease its price at the equilibrium you identify. Why would neither firm want to increase its price? Prove this for F1.