Firm A and firm B sell identical Soma to a market that has inverse demand p= 120 – Q where Q is total market supply. Suppose firm A and firm B each has a constant marginal cost of production of CA and cB per unit of Soma respectively (CA S 60, CB < 60). The two firms are engaged in a Cournot competition.
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- The tables (below) show the willingness to pay by three (competitive) consumers for additional units of some good, and the marginal costs of three (competitive) firms that produce that good. a) Compute the competitive equilibrium quantity and price for this market. Also, compute each consumer's surplus and each firm's profits. b) Now suppose that you have access to the same technology (and competitive input markets) as that of Firm 3. Entering the market (that is, launching a fourth firm) means a fixed (yes, sunk too) cost of $10. Would you decide to enter? (Entry has effects on the market, of course.) c) With the same data, suppose that all three firms merge. That is, now a single corporation controls (and decides on output for) all three firms (now, plants of one single firm). Obtain the output (or, equivalently, the price) that this monopolistic corporation will choose, and evaluate the consequences for the consumers (that is, the effect on the consumer surplus) and for the profits…Consider two gas stations in a remote village facing the simple linear market demand Q= 300− 5p but have different marginal costs of production, both constant, such that MCx = 20 and MCy = 101. Measuring the quantities Qx on the horizontal axis and the quantities Qy on the vertical axis, draw the reaction curves for each of the gas stations.2. Based on a Cournot equilibrium, find the profit-maximizing quantities Qxand Qy for the two gas stations.3. Based on your answers to (1) and (2) above, if gas station y decided to produce 175 units, (a) what would be the reaction of gas station x, and (b) how would y, in turn, react to that level of output of x?Two firms (called firm 1 and firm 2) are the only sellers of a good for which the demand equation is Here, q is the total quantity of the good demanded and p is the price of the good measured in dollars. Neither firm has any fixed costs, and each firm’s marginal cost of producing a unit of goods is $2. Imagine that each firm produces some quantity of goods, and that these goods are sold to consumers at the highest price at which all of the goods can be sold. A Cournot equilibrium in this environment is a pair of outputs (q1, q2) such that, when firm 1 produces q1 units of goods and firm 2 produces q2 units of goods, neither firm can raise its profits by unilaterally changing its output. Find the Cournot equilibrium. Determine whether the price at which the goods are sold exceeds marginal cost.
- Consider the differentiated goods Bertrand price competition model where firms A and B produce similar goods and sell them at pA and pB. The demand for each firm’s product is given byqA =60−2pA +pB andqB =60–2pB +pA ,and there are NO costs of producing either good (all costs are 0). (a)Calculate the (Bertrand) equilibrium prices and the net profits of each firm (b) Now suppose that -instead of competing to maximize their own individual profits- the firms decide to “collude” and set prices pA and pB to maximize their joint profits (sum of their profits). What would be each firm’s optimal price and net profits? Compare these prices and profits with what you found in (a) (greater/smaller/the same?).There are two firms selling differentiated products. Firm A faces the following demand for his product: QA=20-1/2PA+1/4PB Firm B faces the following demand: QB=220-1/2PB+1/4PA PA represents the price set by firm A. PB represents the price set by firm B.Assume that the marginal cost is zero both for firm A and firm B.What are the equilibrium prices of a simultaneous price competition?What would the equilibrium prices be if A is the leader and B is the follower?Two firms sells an identical product. The demand function for each firm is given: Q = 20 - P, where Q = q1 + q2 is the market demand and P is the price. The cost function for reach firm is given: TCi = 10 + 2qi for i = 1, 2. a) If these two firms collude and they want to maximize their combined profit, how much are the market equilibrium quantity and price? b) If these two firms decide their production simultaneously, how much does each firm produce? What is the market equilibrium price? c) If Firm 1 is a leader who decides the production level first and Firm 2 is a follower, how much does each firm produce? What is the market equilibrium price?
- The industry demand is P(y) = 14 – 2y. There are two firms with cost functions C1(y1) = 0 and C2(y2) = 0, respectively. a) Find the Cournot equilibrium: quantities, prices, profits, and total surplus. b) Suppose now that the two firms are owned by the same owner. Find the quantity, price, profit, and surplus. Compare your findings to the magnitudes in part (a). c) Find the maximal surplus possible in this industry. Point out two different sources of inefficiency which makes this total surplus in part (a) smaller.Consider the market for bicycles in the fictional province of Westvale. The market demand function for bicycles is given by P=300-2Q. The marginal cost curve for firms in this market is given by P=40+Q. Prices are measured in dollars. a) Under a competitive market equilibrium, what is the price of a bicycle? b) How many bicycles are produced under a competitive market equilibrium? c) Calculate consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus under the competitive market equilibrium Suppose that the firms that were once competing in this market merge into one single firm, forming a monopoly. This monopoly has a marginal revenue function of P=300-4Q. d) What price does this monopolist charge? e) How many bicycles does the monopolist produce? f) Calculate consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus under the monopolistic market outcome g) How much deadweight loss resulted from the creation of the monopolist?Suppose that the Bob Buttons Company (BBC) enters the market. BBC has the same cost function of c=3q+1. Let denote q1 the quantity sold by ABC and denote the q2 quantity sold by BBC. Now suppose that ABC and BBC reach a Cournot equilibrium. Q: What would be the net change in ABC’s profit as a result of BBC’s entry into the market?____ (type in a negative number if ABC’s profit decreases) (please see the attachement for partial of my work, not sure if it's correct, thank you!)
- Suppose that there are two firms in an industry and they face market demand y=400-0.5p where y=y1+y2 . The total cost functions of the firms are C1(y1)= 40y1 and C2(y2)= 2y22. a) Assume initially that the firms enter into Cournot competition. Calculate the equilibrium market price and each firm’s equilibrium output. That is, find y1c, y2sand pc.b) Calculate the equilibrium market price and each firm’s equilibrium output assuming that firm 2 is the Stackelberg leader and firm 1 is the follower. That is, find y1s, y2sand ps.Consider two gas stations in a remote village facing the simple linear market demand Q = 300 - 5P, but have different marginal costs of production, both constant, such that MCx = 20 and MCy = 10. Find: if gas station y decided to produce 175 units, (a) what would be the reaction of gas station x, and (b) how would y, in turn, react to that level of output of x?Consider a market for crude oil production. There are two firms in the market. The marginal cost of firm 1 is 20, while that of firm 2 is 20. The marginal cost is assumed to be constant. The inverse demand for crude oil is P(Q)=200-Q, where Q is the total production in the market. These two firms are engaging in Cournot competition. Find the production quantity of firm 1 in Nash equilibrium. If necessary, round off two decimal places and answer up to one decimal place.