For a given cell, the concentration of sucrose is 8mM inside the cell and 0.5mM outside the cell. The concentration of Na“ is 0.5mM inside the cell and 10mM outside the cell. The membrane potential for this cell is -120mV and the temperature of the system is 25°C. B. What is AG for the inward transport of Na* in this system?

Q: A membrane separates Solution A and Solution B. The membrane has a permeability of 2 x 105 cm/s to…

A: Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules) from a region of…

Q: Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both…

A: Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. A…

Q: a. Molecule X is a soluble protein that is secreted in response to extracellular signal Y. Which…

A: Sorting is an important process in the transportation of the signalling molecules from one cell to…

Q: Uniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both…

A: Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. A…

Q: Which setup would exhibit the greater osmotic pressure: a cell with a cytosol concentration of 0.9%…

A: Osmosis is the movement of water from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution through a…

Q: [Membrane Proteins] Based on the figure provided, What classification best describes G-proteins?…

A: G proteins, generally defined as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a protein family that acts…

Q: In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na* is transported…

A: The standard free energy change (∆G°) of a chemical reaction is the amount of energy released in the…

Q: Calculate the energy required for, or released in, a transport of 20 Na+ ions and of 100 molecules…

A: For a uncharged species, only its chemical potential gradient (i.e. concentration gradient) across…

Q: ) The diameter of the Kupffer cell in the image is 9.1 cm. Assuming it is spherical, calculate the…

A: Kupffer cells are specialised cells that are found in the liver's sinusoids' lumen and are adherent…

Q: e potato blocks used in this experiment are rich in starch molecules. Iodine potassium iodide (IKI)…

A: To find: What the width of the black of the potato cube represent in the context of diffusion. Is…

Q: In the following situations, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Na+is transported across a…

A: Free energy or Gibbs free energy G, is the energy available in a system to do useful work and is…

Q: The parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, uses proline as an energy source…

A: A transport mechanism that works to facilitate the movement of substances in and out of the cell…

Q: Sugars are transported in symport with Na+. Na+ upon some time accumulates causing the need to…

A: Sugar transported in symport with Na+ : Glucose

Q: If the intracellular concentration of sodium ions in a cell is 5 mM and the extracellular…

A: The biological membrane is made up of lipids such as phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and…

Q: Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the…

A: Lipids are the major class of biomolecules that are insoluble in polar solvents. Lipids play an…

Q: A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an…

A: The water moves from the higher to lower water potential region across the semipermeable membrane.

Q: serotonin [µM] 0.025 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 transport rate B [dpm/min] 10 0.08 920.0…

A: The transport of serotonin is mediated by the serotonin transporter or SERT protein terminates the…

Q: A. Is ATP required for this transport process to occur? Explain why or why not. B. Consider only…

A: Skeletal muscles cells:  The connective tissue layer that provides support and protection for the…

Q: The resting membrane potential of a typical animal cell is about –70 mV, and the thickness of a…

A: The voltage across a certain cell membrane at rest is known as the resting membrane potential. It is…

Q: The sodium Na+/Glucose symport moves sodium and glucose across the plasma membrane. A) Describe was…

A: "Cells" communicate via their own chemical signaling system. Different chemicals, such as hormones…

Q: The Paramecium, is large enough to allow the insertion of a microelectrode, thus permitting the…

A: The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions such as K+, Na+, and Cl-. This selective…

Q: The diffusion constant for glucose in water is 0.70 ✕ 10−5 cm2/s. About how much time would it take…

A:

Q: One thousand Ca2+ channels open in the plasma membrane of a cell that is 1000 μm3 in size and has a…

A: The passage of ions through the cell membrane takes place depending on the concentration of the ion…

Q: The membrane potential across a cell membrane can be thought of as a "blend" or weighted average of…

A: The membrane potential can be described as a potential gradient that enables the unidirectional flow…

Q: Define anterograde axoplasmic transport. Why is this type of axonal transport necessary in most…

A: Introduction :- The transportation of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other…

Q: serotonin [uM] 0.025 0.08 0.25 0.7 2 6 transport rate A [dpm/min] 300.0 920.0 2500.0 5400.0 8800.0…

A: Serotonin is a chemical or neurotransmitter secreted by nerve cells to transmit signals between…

Q: All of the following correctly describe the sodium-potassium pump EXCEPT: O a. Molecules are pumped…

A: The correct Option is C . Potassium ions are pumped into the cell, where they are present in lower…

Q: Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca2+ from thecytosol, where its…

A: Introduction The free energy change  ΔG across the membrane, in transporting ion of charge Z at the…

Q: Compare the plots of the transport rates for both conditions. What is most likely mechanism of…

A: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that carries messages in the form of chemicals from one nerve cell…

Q: List three mediator proteins that move phospholipid molecules from one side of a membrane to the…

A: Mediator proteins are the proteins that are required for the transport of molecules which cannot…

Q: Our current experimental procedure works because Con A adheres strongly to the nitrocellulose…

A: The correct option is C A membrane-binding protein.

Q: Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the…

A: Enthalpy and entropy are combined to form the Gibbs free energy. The combination of the system's…

Q: A cell with an internal concentration of 0.03 molar glucose is placed in a test tube containing 0.02…

A: Osmosis is the movement of solvent from higher water potential area (lower concentration area) to…

Q: What is the resting membrane potential

A:

Q: What are the three types of coated vesicles involved in membrane trafficking. Name three types and…

A: The three types of coated vesicles involved in membrane trafficking are clathrin-coated,…

Q: Glucose can be transported into cells with a glucose/sodium symporter. If the extracellular…

A: Glucose / Sodium symporter - It is a kind of protein which is present on the plasma membrane. It is…

Q: (a) In general, which junctions are found in epithelial cells of the skin, where is their location…

A: According to the question, we have to mention in general the name of the junctions that are found in…

Q: You have a semi permeable membrane with a membrane potential of -90mV. You also have two ions that…

A: Nernst equation gives us the equilibrium membrane potential . Nernst equation is given below. Vm…

Q: The uptake of l-ascorbate (vitamin C) and its oxidized form, dehydro-l-ascorbic acid (DHAA), was…

A: Cell membrane or plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer and is selectively permeable. Small,…

Q: A red blood cell has an internal salt concentration of ∼150 mM. The cell is placed in a beaker of…

A: Hypertonicity is the condition, where the solution has a greater amount of solute than inside.

Q: Which of the following does not apply to a transmembrane receptor? a. It lacks ER signal sequence.…

A: Answer :  b. It contains one or more hydrophobic stop-transfer sequence

Q: At Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using…

A: Two questions are asked. I am allowed to answer only 1st question, as per guidelines.  Given : Na+…

Q: You are considering transport of Fe3+ out of a biological cell with a membrane potential of -60 mV.…

A: According to change in free energy of transport equation ∆G=RT lnCinCout+ ZF∆ψ∆G =free energy…

Q: How do electroneutral co-transporters depend on the transmembrane potential? Select one: a. They…

A: Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a…

Q: Intestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the…

A: Using the given information, Energy released by downhill movement of sodium ions,  Delta G =…

Q: the sodium channel exchanger NCX transports sodium into and calcium out of cardiac muscle cells.…

A: Active Transport across a lipid bilayer takes place when we have to move an ion against its…

Q: Assume that a beaker is divided in half by a membrane which is permeable to water only. A 0.45 M…

A: Osmosis is that the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane driven by a…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.