Please answer part b O AttIntestinal epithelial cells pump glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient using the Nat-glucose symporter. Recallthat the Nat concentration is significantly higher outside the cell than inside the cell. The symporter couples the "downhill"transport of two Nat ions into the cell to the "uphill" transport of glucose into the cell.If the Nat concentration outside the cell ([Na lout) is 161 mM and that inside the cell ([Na* Jm) is 17.0 mM, and the cellpotential is -50.0 mV (inside negative), calculate the maximum energy available for pumping a mole of glucose into the cell.Assume the temperature is 37 °C.What is the maximum ratio of (glucose] to [glucoselout10.62kJAG glucmolthat could theoretically be produced if the energyIncorrectcoupling were 100% efficient?O 1.138.2438002.6 x 10Incorrect

Using the given information, Energy released by downhill movement of sodium ions, Delta G =…

Answered: Intestinal epithelial cells pump…

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter32: The Reception And Transmission Of Extracellular Information

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14P

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Calculate the membrane potential in the transport of Cl- from the intracellular environment to the extracellular environment. The Cl- concentration outside the cell is 98 uM, the Cl- concentration in the cytoplasm is 0.025 mM, the Gibbs free energy is -956 J/mol and the temp is 37°C. Have concentration in uM units when solving.
Calculate the energy required for, or released in, a transport of 20 Na+ ions and of 100 molecules of glucose into a biological cell at 37 oC if the membrane potential is –50 mV (negative inside the cell), the concentrations of Na+ and glucose inside the cell are 0.001mol L-1 and 0.01mol L-1 consequently and the concentrations of Na+ and glucose outside of the cell are 0.1mol L-1 and 0.001mol L-1 consequently.
In considering active transport by Na + -K + -ATPase at body temperature (37 o C), 3 Na+ are pumped out of the cell and 2 K + are pumped in for each ATP that is hydrolyzed to ADP + P i . Given that underyour experimental conditions, the DG for ATP hydrolysis is -10 kcal/mol, and that V is -60 mV, and that the pump maintains the internal Na + at 10mM, external Na + at 120 mM, internal K + at 120 mM and external K + at 8mM, what is the efficiency of the pump (i.e., what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is required to drive transport at the provided levels)?
a protein collected through affinity chromatography displays no activity even though it is found to have a high concentration using the bradford protein essay. what best explains these findings?
The Na+ /glucose symport transports glucose from the lumen of the smallintestine into cells lining the lumen. Transport of 1 glucose molecule isdirectly coupled to the transport of 1 Na+ ion into the cell. 1 Na+out + 1 glucoseout → 1 Na+in + 1 glucoseinAssume the following conditions at 37 °C: [Na+]in = 12 mM, [Na+]out =145 mM, [glucose]out = 28 μM, and Δψ = -72 mV (inside negative).(a) What is ΔG for transport of Na+ from outside to inside under theseconditions?(b) What is the upper limit for [glucose]in under these conditions?(c) Which of the two hypothetical symports shown below (A or B) wouldachieve the highest concentration of [glucose]in under the conditionsdescribed above? Briefly explain your choice. A: 1 Na+out + 2 glucoseout → 1 Na+in + 2 glucosein B: 2 Na+out + 1 glucoseout → 2 Na+in + 1 glucosein
Suppose the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.1 mM and the cell issuspended in a glucose solution of 0.01 mM.(a) What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport ofglucose from the medium into the cell? Assume T = 37 °C.(b) What would be the free energy change, in kJ/mol, for the transport ofglucose from the medium into the cell if the intracellular and extracellularconcentrations were 1 mM and 10 mM, respectively?(c) If the processes described in parts (a) and (b) were coupled toATP hydrolysis, how many moles of ATP would have to be hydrolysed,per mole of glucose transported, in order to make each process favorable? (Use the standard free energy change for ATP hydrolysis.)
Hypothetical scenerio: When the membrane potential is 80mV across the digestive vacuoles (DV), inside positive, the Vmax for VF-6-2 efflux is 15pmol/h. However, when the membrane potential is 80mV inside negative, the Vmax of VF-6-2 efflux drops to near zero. Researchers suggest an H+ P-type ATPase is also in the membrane and is required for VF-6-2 efflux. Do these data support their suggestion? What type of transporter might PfCRT be? How can vanadate be used to potentially test their idea?
Calculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an epithelial cell when [Na+]in is 12 mM, [Na+]out is 145 mM, the membrane potential is −50 mV (inside negative), and the temperature is 37 °C.
Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca2+ from thecytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10−7 M, to the extracellularfluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM. Assume a temperature of 37°C (body temperature in a mammal) and a standard transmembrane potentialof 50 mV (inside negative) for the plasma membrane.
Ion transporters are “linked” together—not physi-cally, but as a consequence of their actions. For example,cells can raise their intracellular pH, when it becomes tooacidic, by exchanging external Na+ for internal H+, usinga Na+–H+ antiporter. The change in internal Na+ is thenredressed using the Na+-K+ pump.A. Can these two transporters, operating together,normalize both the H+ and the Na+ concentrations insidethe cell?B. Does the linked action of these two pumps causeimbalances in either the K+ concentration or the mem-brane potential? Why or why not?
Transport kinetics through protein transporters can be described using the language of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The transported substance binding to its protein transporter is analogous to the substrate binding to its enzyme. Thus, KM and vmax values can be determined for protein transporters. a. Use the line graph to estimate KM and vmax values for glucose uptake max by pericytes in the presence and absence of sodium ions. Show your work! b. What do these values tell you about the binding of glucose in pericytes? Specifically, have the investigators demonstrated convincingly that an SGLT exists in pericytes? In endothelial cells? Use evidence from any of the preceding questions to support your answers.
The equilibrium potential for a given ion (Eion) is a theoretical value. For a given concentration gradient of an ion, the equilibrium potential is the charge inside the cell required to hold an ion at that concentration. That is, it is the charge required to perfectly oppose the drive of the ion to move down its concentration gradient. So, if the concentration of Nat is higher outside the cell than inside, its equilibrium potential (ENa) must be I and if we add more sodium to the extracellular fluid, then ENa will II.

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