For production of penicillin (C16H18O4N2S) using Penicillium mold, glucose (C6H12O6) is used as a substrate andphenylacetic acid (C3H8O2) is added as a precursor. The stoichiometry for overall synthesis is:1.67 C6H1206 + 2NH3 + 0.502+ H2SO4+ C3H8O2 → C16H180,N2S + 2CO2+ 9H2Oa) What is the maximum theoretical yield of penicillin from glucose in g/g?b) When results from a particular penicillin fermentationvere analyzed, it was found that 24% of the glucosehad been used for growth, 70% for cell maintenance activities (such as membrane transport andmacromolecule turnover) and only 6% for penicillin synthesis. Calculate the yield of penicillin fromglucose in g/g under these conditions.c) Batch fermentation under the conditions described in part b) is carried out in a 100-liter tank. Rememberthat only 6% of the glucose is used for penicillin synthesis. Initially, the tank is filled with nutrient mediumcontaining 50 gL glucose and 4 g L phenylacetic acid. If the reaction is stopped when the glucoseconcentration is 5.5 g L1, determine

The penicillin is an important antibiotic produced by the microorganism which helps in inhibiting…

Answered: For production of penicillin…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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What is the molecular weight of the Botulinum neurotoxin, a protein that contains 1350 amino acids? Assume an average distribution of amino acids
The chemical structure of Coenzyme A contains the following EXCEPT— a β-mercaptoethylamine residue. a phosphoanhydride moiety. an adenosine-3’- phosphate. a pantothenic acid residue. a lipoic acid residue.
What are the biochemical systems found in nuclear fraction, mitochondrial fraction and microsomal fraction? Why do the organelles require different centrifugation sediment rates and time in order for them to be isolated? Explain the differences in the amount of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids in the hydrolyzed chicken liver extract. What is Sudan IV? Write its structure and chemical name?
Gentiobiose has the molecular formula C12H22O11 and has been isolated from gentian root and by hydrolysis of amygdalin. Gentiobiose exists in two different forms, one melting at 86°C and the other at 190°C. The lower melting form is dextrorotatory ([α] 16°), the higher melting one is levorotatory ([α] -6°). The rotation of an aqueous solution of either form, however, gradually changes until a final value of [α] 9.6° is observed. Hydrolysis of gentiobiose is efficiently catalyzed by emulsin and produces two moles of D-glucose per mole of gentiobiose. Gentiobiose forms an octamethylether, which on hydrolysis in dilute acid yields 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose. What is the structure of gentiobiose? EXPLAIN IN DETAIL.
Why is a strong reducing agent, such as NaBH4, not suitable for use in the conjugation of an oligosaccharide to a protein?
The following table shows the molecular masses (Mr) and isoelectric points (pI) of five proteins: Protein Mr pI Chicken egg white lysozyme 14,000 11.0 Carbonic anhydrase 30,000 5.4 Ovalbumin 45,000 4.5 Phosphorylase b 97,000 6.7 Lactate dehydrogenase 140,000 7.12 (a) A solution containing these five proteins was adjusted to pH 7.0 and then applied to a SIZE-EXCLUSION COLUMN. Assume that these five protein molecules are spherical in shape. Which protein is likely to be eluted LAST from the column? Explain briefly. (b) In another experiment, this protein mixture was first adjusted to pH 6.7 before applying to a CATION-EXCHANGE COLUMN. (i)What is the net charge on phosphorylase b? (ii) Which of these five proteins will bind to the CATION-EXCHANGER? Explain briefly.v
To determine whether this organism is capable of performing carbohydrate metabolism, ateam of researchers of which you are a part wanted to isolate an enzyme calledglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The enzyme has the followingproperties. Number of amino acids: 335 Molecular Weight: 36,053 DapI: 8.57 Your project leader wanted you to present a basic purification protocol of GAPDH from theorganism based on the given properties above. Give a 1-sentence explanation for each stepof your protocol.
14C-Labeled glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was added to a yeast extract. After a short time, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate labeled with 14C at C-3 andC-4 was isolated. What was the location of the 14C label in the starting glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate? Where did the second 14C label in fructose 1,6-bisphosphate come from? Explain.
Draw the following sugars using Haworth projections:a. b-d-galactopyranose b. a-d-tagatopyranose c. a-l-glucopyranose
The synthetic antiviral drug Tamifl u, currently the most effective agent against avian infl uenza, is prepared by a 10-step synthesis. What is the overall yield of Tamifl u in each of the following 10-step syntheses? a. Each step proceeds in 90.% yield. b. Each step proceeds in 80.% yield. c. One step proceeds in 50.% yield, while the rest occur in 90.% yield. d. The following yields are recorded: 20.% (one reaction), 50.% (two reactions), 80.% (all remaining reactions).
In a mixed heteropolymer experiment, messages were createdwith either 4/5C:1/5A or 4/5A:1/5C. These messages yielded proteinswith the amino acid compositions shown in the followingtable. Using these data, predict the most specific coding compositionfor each amino acid.4/5C:1/5A 4/5A:1/5CPro 63.0% Pro 3.5%His 13.0% His 3.0%Thr 16.0% Thr 16.6%Glu 3.0% Glu 13.0%Asp 3.0% Asp 13.0%Lys 0.5% Lys 50.0% 98.5% 99.1%
The enzyme, fumarate, has the following kinetic constants: k 1 k 2 k -1 where k 1 = 10 9 M -1 s -1 k -1 =4.4 x 10 4 s -1 k 2 = 10 3 s -1 a. What is the value of the Michaelis constant for this enzyme? b. At an enzyme concentration of 10 -6 M, what will be the initial rate of product"

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