For the following projects what is the opportunity cost of capital if the budget is (a) S60,000, and (b) S120,000? If Project 4 has an external environmental cost of S1000 annually that is included, (c) how does this change the answer to (a)? (d) How does this change the answer to (b)? Project Life (years) First Cost Annual Benefit Salvage Value 20 $20.000 $4000 20 20,000 3200 S20,000 3 30 20,000 3300 10,000 4 15 20,000 4500 5 25 20.000 4500 -20.000 6 10 20,000 5800 15 20. 000 4000 Li0 000
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- Q2) One of the energy companies incurred miscellaneous costs and a group of engineers analyzed the costs according to the long-term investment contract. Answer the following points based on the above situation: A) How would you classify these possible costs based on line of your study that will be included in each annual economic assessment. Within short clarification for each possible costs that you suppose to mentione it? B) Give an simple example about each costs-line. C) How will the level of revenue be determined economically? Clarify this statement?4. A government is planning to implement a new traffic control and surveillance system. The maintenance cost of the system is $1,200,000 per year. It is believed that the new system can help 3,000 driver saving 8 hours per year. The average wage of the people in this country is $150 per hour. It is expected that the system can be used for 5 years, i.e., the first benefit and cost are B1 and C1 respectively, while the last are B5 and C5. (a) What is the value of time saved by the new system per year? (b) Suppose the market interest rate is 5%. Calculate the net present value of this system. Should the system be launched? (c) Suggest two reasons to explain why the market interest rate in part (b) may be too high to evaluate the project. Should the system be launched if the interest rate is adjusted according to your suggestions?1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?(a) Economic decisions are time invariant.(b) Time and risk arc are the most important factors in any investment evaluation.(c) For a large-scale engineering project, engineers must consider the impact of the project on the company’s financial statements.(d) One of the primary roles of engineers is to make capital expenditure decisions. 2 When evaluating a large-scale engineering project, which of the following items is important?(a) Expected profitability(b) Timing of cash nows(c) Degree of financial risk(d) All of the above 3. Which of the following statements defines the discipline of engineering economics most closely?(a) Economic decisions made by engineers.(b) Economic decisions related to financial assets.(c) Economic decisions primarily for real assets and service from engineering projects.(d) Any economic decision related to the time value of money. 4.Which of the following statements is not one of the four fundamental…
- 1) When and why should a utility approach be applied?2) Explain how utility could be used in a decision where performance is not measuredby monetary value.3) What are the key traits and differences of Project and Review Technique(PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM)?4) Why perform sensitivity analysis?5) Explain how and why all predecessor activities must be considered when finding theearliest start time5. A company has a production capacity of 500 units per month per month and its fixed costs are P250,000 a month. The variable costs per unit are P1,150 and each unit can be sold for P2,000. Economy measures are instituted to reduce the fixed costs by 10 percent and the variable costs by 20 percent. Determine the old and the new break even points. What are the old and the new profit at 100 percent capacity?A major equipment purchase is being considered by Metro Atlanta. The initial cost is determined to be $1,000,000. It is estimated that this new equipment will save $100,000 the first year and increase gradually by $50,000 every year for the next 6 years. MARR=10% a. Using Benefit- Cost analysis, what is the Benefit/Cost ratio for this equipment purchase? b. Based on the Benefit/Cost analysis should Metro Atlanta purchase the equipment?
- A firm is considering the development of several new products. The products under consideration are listed here; the products in each project group are mutually exclusive. Project group Products Development costs (P) Net annual cash flow (P) A A1 500,000 90,000 A2 650,000 110,000 A3 700,000 115,000 B B1 600,000 105,000 B2 675,000 112,000 C C1 800,000 150,000 C2 1,000,000 175,000 At most one product from each group will be selected. The firm has MARR of 10% per year and a capital investment budget limitation on development costs of P2,100,000. the life of all products is assumed to be ten (10) years. Assume no market values at the end of 10 years.Project A Project B Year Cash Flow Year Cash Flow 0 -1,000 0 -2,000 1 900 1 900 2 900 2 900 3 900 3 900 4 900 4 900 5 5 900 6 6 900 If the discount rate is 12% and you have to choose between these two projects, what is the equivalent annual series of the best project? Question 4…Calculate the annual net benefit from the given project summary. Capital Costs = $43,000; Revenue = $16,000/year; Operation and Maintenance Costs = $7,800/year Salvage Value = $19,000; Project Lifetime = 6 years; Effective Interest Rate = 0.09.
- Problem Solving. Solve the following problems completely. 4. Atty. Gacayan invested P280, 000 which will be used in a project that will produce auniform annual revenue of P180,000 for 5 years and then have a salvage value of 16% ofthe investment. Out-of-pocket costs for operation and maintenance will be P80,000 peryear. Taxes and insurance will be 3% of the first cost per year. Atty Gacayan expectscapital to earn not less than 30% before income taxes. Determine if the investment is goodand Calculate the following:a. Calculate using Rate of Return Method.b. Payback period of the investment.Given the two machines’ data Machine A Machine B First Cost P8,000.00 P14,000.00 Salvage value 0 2,000.00 Annual operation 3,000.00 2,400.00 Annual maintenance 1,200.00 1,000.00 Taxes and insurance 3% 3% Life, years 10 15 Money is worth at least 16% Using equivalent uniform annual cost method, determine the value of alternative A and alternative B: note:round off final answer to 2 decimal ANSWER for ALTERNATIVE A: ANSWER for ALTERNATIVE B:7. A new waste truck is needed for a portion of the city. Compare the asset with the Benefit Cost method? The interest rate is 8% Present value = $55,000Annual cost $11, 500Annual savings $28, 500Salvage value $6,800Life in years 100. B/C 0.72b./ 1.40c. B/C 1.47d. B/C 1.88