From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories of Consumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compare and contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours: i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesis ii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesis iii. Robert Hall: Random Walk Hypothesis
Q: Name four differences between the Keynes and Fishers model of consumption
A: These are the four differences between the Keynes and Fisher's Model of consumption:
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b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories of
Consumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compare
and contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:
i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesis
ii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesis
iii. Robert Hall: Random Walk Hypothesis
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- Elaborate on the difference between a binding and non-binding borrowing constraints and thetwo consumption functions that result.b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories ofConsumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compareand contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk HypothesisFrom the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories of Consumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compare and contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk HypothesisQuestion Two a. Explain the difference between a binding and non-binding borrowing constraints and thetwo consumption functions that result.b. From the Intertemporal Choice Model, many theories (non-Keynesian theories ofConsumption) came into being. Using graphical and mathematical expressions, compareand contrast the following theories on consumption behaviours:i. Franco Modigliani: Life-Cycle Hypothesisii. Milton Friedman: Permanent-Income Hypothesisiii. Robert Hall: Random Walk Hypothesis
- The neoclassical consumption model, a retirement perspective: Consider thespecial case solved in the text where ! = 1 and utility takes the log form.Suppose the real interest rate is 5 percent. Let’s give this consumer a fnancial profle that might look like that of a middle-aged college professor contem-plating retirement: initial assets are ftoday = $50,000, and the path for labor income is ytoday = $100,000 and yfuture = $10,000.(a) What is the individual’s human wealth? Total wealth?5 3. permanent Income Hypothesis a) suppose that beta=.9 and R= 2222 (that is ~22%). For an individual who acts according to the PIH, will their consumption next period be higher than current consumption or lower? b) What is the main crucial difference between the Keynesian Consumption function and the consumption function derived from the PIH (or Lifetime Income Hypothesis)? c) If Present Value of future income stream is 500,000 and a person has a beta of.8, how much will their consumption go up today if only today's income increases by 1000? How much will their consumption increase (approximately) if their income goes up by 1000 in all periods?Consider an economy that works acoording to the classical model, and the Fisher equation holds for the money market. In this economy the consumption function is C(Y-T)=250+0.75(Y-T), the investment function is I(r)=1000-50r, where Y is income, T is net taxes and r is real interest rate. The government spends 1100 units of output on goods and services and coolects 1000 units as taxes. The labor supply is 1000, while the capital stock is 2500 units. The production function of this economy can be described as Y=K0.5L0.5. The economy is in its long-run equilibrium. The velocity of money is 2, while nominal supply of money is 6000. a) Calculate the equilibrium interest rate of this economy. b) Calculate the price level. c) What is the real wage at which the labor market is at equilibrium? What is the nominal wage? Plzzz give answer of all questions.
- The Simple Keynesian Model (i.e., the income-expenditure model). Assume: C = 150 + 0.9 DI I = 50 DI = C + I in equilibrium for a 2-sector model (Note: DI = C in a 1-sector model) Define the term, consumption. What is the value of “autonomous” consumption (also called “a” or the vertical intercept)? What is the value of the slope (also referred to as “b”) of the consumption function? There’s another name for the slope of the consumption function. What is it? What is the value of DI when the model is in equilibrium? What is the value of the “oversimplified” expenditure multiplier? If full-employment means that DI = $5000, then how much should autonomous consumption (or autonomous investment) increase to achieve full-employment? (Hint: Use the multiplier process formula.) Draw a graph of this 2-sector model. Indicate equilibrium DI, full-employment DI, as well as…in a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determinedby autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and themarginal propensity to consume.a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginalpropensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in thiseconomy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, usealgebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demandfunction from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the twolines intersect, with numerical values. (3 marks)d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What wouldthe new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew forpart (c). (2 marks)e) Calculate the value of…a) Draw a consumption function and label the axes.b) Suppose that your friend has a consumption function of the form y=1.4x+200. Is this function sustainable in the long run? Why or why not?c) Suppose that your consumption function is y=0.75+1000. What is your marginal propensity to consume? What is your autonomous expenditure?d) State the permanent income hypothesis.e) Suppose that I raise your income today by $10, and lower it tomorrow by $10. How would your behavior change according to the consumption function (aka Keynesian, aka rule-of-thumb) model? And what about according to the permanent income hypothesis model?
- In a keynesian model it is assumed that the consumption function is given by C= 2000 + 0.75 (Y-T) and the planned investment is 1,000 government purchases and taxes are both of those and formulate and draw a graph of planned expenditure as a function of income What is the equilibrium level in the part above If the government purchases increased by 1250 what is the equilibrium income With the aid of a algebra prove that a balanced budget multiplier is always equals to 1Empirical evidence suggests that many consumers tend to spend all of their current disposable income immediately. Is this irrational? Discuss Hint: use at least 2 or 3 of the consumption thoeries( Keynesian consumption theory, permanent income hypothesis theory,)Prompt We have been discussing major macroeconomic concepts like the ADAS Model and Fiscal Policy. This is an opportunity to apply that knowledge to a real-world scenario. Choose one of the following scenarios and identify whether it is an example of a recessionary economy or inflationary economy. Next, analyze possible Neoclassical solutions for it. Then, analyze possible Keynesian solutions for it. What would the impact on the economy be in the short-run? Long-run? Scenario 1: An increase in the unemployment rate to 7.4% has occurred. Inflation has increased causing a decline in consumer spending. Exports have declined by more than $4 billion. This has caused a decrease in GDP by 3.7%. Scenario 2: An increase in consumer and government spending has occurred. This has increased GDP by 4.4%. Currently, inflation rate has increased to 1.6%. Unemployment has remained at 5.5%. Scenario 3: An increase in the stock market by 26.5% has occurred. Companies are stockpiling the earnings…