How do you distinquish between Normal flora vs. Pathogen?

Q: So what is the definitions of pathology, etiology, and pathogenesis?

A: Definitions of : pathology  etiology pathogenesis

Q: What is pathogenesis

A: Pathogenesis is a process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which can…

Q: How may the “immunologically privileged” status of the immune system play a role in latent…

A: Some microbes can remain inactive in the host bodies. They hide from the host immune system. For…

Q: What is the symptom-free period of a disease called?

A: Producing only a few, mild symptoms, disease is paucisymptomatic. Symptoms appearing later, after an…

Q: What are cytokines, where do they arise, and how do they function?

A: Answer: Introduction: The group of proteins released by the immune system cells. That proteins work…

Q: Describe the major anatomical and biochemical barriers to infection?

A: Infection refers to the invasion and multiplication of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: What do Target tissues for cytokines includes?

A: Target tissue or cell is the category of cells that are harmonizing  with the peculiar hormone…

Q: does a cell know that it has been invaded?

A: Introduction :- The cell is life's fundamental structural and functional unit. Every cell has a…

Q: Why are pathogenicity islands important?

A: The invasion of pathogenic microbes into the host body tissue is referred to as the infection.…

Q: What is the importance of emigration, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis in fighting bacterial invaders?

A: Inflammatory responses can be defined as a complex sequence of events induced by tissue damage by…

Q: what is the difference between  antigens and haptens

A: The general ability of the body to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate foreign substances is called…

Q: What is the difference between bacterial vs. viral illnesses?

A: Infection occurs when a harmful, disease-causing microorganism invades and multiplies within the…

Q: What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?

A: A cytotoxic T cell is a T lymphocyte that kills cancer cells or cells infected/ damaged in other…

Q: How can you be protected from invading pathogens?

A: A microbe is a living entity that is so tiny that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. Microbiology…

Q: What are the listthe host immune defenses that the microbe would have to overcome to be successful…

A: The first line of defense is broad and aims to keep microbes out of the body. The skin and mucous…

Q: How might microbes establish an infection?

A: The unfold and improvement of micro organism in the frame. Infections can starts everywhere within…

Q: does Epithelial cells and Muco-ciliary escalator fights off infection

A: The growth of germs in the body causes infection. The germs are microorganisms, including bacteria,…

Q: What are three mechanisms pathogens use to block the immune system?

A: Introduction  The body's defence against infection is provided by the immune system, a vast network…

Q: What are the functions of Defense proteins?

A: Proteins are the polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Q: What term is used to describe the unique molecules found onthe surface of different pathogens?

A: Step 1 Pathogens are disease-causing organisms or parasites. Pathogens have a specific point of…

Q: What is immunoassay, avidity and specificity

A: Immunoassay are the bioanalytical methods that use the specificity of an antigen-antibody reaction…

Q: Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?

A: Chemotaxis refers to the migration of an organism in response to any chemical stimulus. Bacteria,…

Q: what is a “cytokine storm”?

A: The term "cytokine" is made up of two terms - cyto meaning cell and kine meaning signaling.…

Q: Identify physical and chemical barriers to pathogens. Howmight these barriers be compromised?

A: Physical and chemical barriers of the body prevent the entry of opportunistic pathogens into the…

Q: What is immunisation?

A: The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes…

Q: Which of these pairs are mismatched? a. cytosol: intracellular pathogen b. surface of…

A: Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in their specific host. The severity of the disease…

Q: What is a cytokine? What are some functions of cytokines?

A: The immune system is a complex network of biological structures (cell) and protein that defends the…

Q: What conditions compromise host defenses against microorganisms?

A: The term "human microbiome" refers to the complex biological system of microbes that resides in and…

Q: What is opsonization, and how does opsonization help fightbacterial infection?

A: Antibodies bind with antigen via non-covalent bonds like hydrogen bonds, van der waals interactions.…

Q: How does antigenic variation help pathogen evade a host's defenses?

A: antigenic variation It is a pathogen's defence mechanism in which certain pathogens alter their…

Q: How does a latent infection differ from a chronic infection?

A: When a microorganism invades and multiplies inside the body of its host, then it is termed an…

Q: What are pathogens?

A: Communicable diseases or infectious diseases are the one which gets spread from one individual to…

Q: Explain the steps of inflammation and how they lead to the destruction of a pathogen

A: Inflammation is a local immune response produced by the cells towards the presence of any pathogenic…

Q: What exactly does cytokinesis do?

A: A physical process of cell division that divides the parental cell’s cytoplasm into two daughter…

Q: In what ways is a phagocyte a tiny container of disinfectants?

A: Phagocytes are the cells which protects the body by the process of ingesting the harmful foreign…

Q: Which of these represents a chemical barrier against pathogens?

A: Answer: BARRIERS : These are the substances which acts as the inhibitors to the pathogens which…

Q: What is immune?

A: Immunity means the capability of multicellular organisms to resist against harmful pathogens such as…

Q: Which organelle do phagocytes use to digest engulfed particles? a. lysosome b. nucleus c.…

A: The process by which phagocytes, or living cells, eat or engulf other cells or particles is known as…

Q: what are pathogen?

A: The microorganisms on the earth exist in different forms, shapes, sizes, and in a diverse range of…

Q: What major events occur during an inflammatory reaction, and how do they contribute to pathogen…

A: The inflammatory response, or inflammation, is initiated by a cascade of chemical mediators and…