How does the metabolism of glutamine by the tubular cells contribute new HCO3 2 to the blood and ammonium to the urine?

Q: i. What is the feature of W that contributes to its high efficiency in reabsorption? ii. How does…

A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first three sub-parts…

Q: Using  concept of flow-down gradients, explain the movement of glucose in and out of the nephron.

A: Introduction:-The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess…

Q: Only two types of tubules enter the renal medulla, the loop of Henle and the (?????) which further…

A: The structure that actually produces urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess substances…

Q: ... Which of the following GAG is responsible for the charge selectiveness of the renal glomerular…

A: Glycosaminoglycans, also known as mucopolysaccharides are negatively charged polysaccharide…

Q: The following are involved in the regulation of mammalian kidney function except: A. ADH B.…

A: Mammalian Kidney is a pair of organ present in the abdomen characterised by their bean-shape and 4-5…

Q: What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production?

A: Angiotensin II is a drug used for the treatment of hypotension (low BP) and the drug increases BP…

Q: 72. About one million microscopic structures are present in the kidney, which serve as the latter's…

A: As per bartleby guidelines;we are supposed to give the answer of first question ;if multiple…

Q: In the nephron, aldosterone acts: O a. By increasing the secretion of ADH. O b. When blood pressure…

A: Aldosterone: - From Zona glomerulosa - Mineralocorticoid secreted, - Mineralocorticoid - steroid…

Q: 1y nephron. All other vertébrates only have a cortical nephron. What does this mean for the…

A: There is a glomerulus present in the cortical nephrons which is located near to the outer parts of…

Q: What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production? What…

A: ACE (Angiotensin - converting Enzyme Inhibitors) and ARB ( Angiotensin Receptor Inhibitor )--…

Q: Diagram/flow chart the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. What…

A: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a critical regulator of the blood and systemic vascular…

Q: What types of osmoregulatory challenges do humans experience? Explain. What mechanisms do we have to…

A: Homeostasis or osmoregulation is a process adopted by our body to maintain equilibrium environment…

Q: The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by…

A: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is used to determine how well the kidneys perform within the body,…

Q: The marine iguana(Amblyrhynchus cristatus), which spendslong periods underwater feeding on seaweed,…

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: b. Would human urine be less or more concentrated if we block Aquaporin molecules in the descending…

A: The most prevalent molecule in every cell is water. Aquaporins, specialised membrane channel…

Q: The concentration of urea in urine is always much higher than the concentration in plasma. Does this…

A: Urea is a nitrogenous compound which is a waste material produced during the catabolism of protein…

Q: People dying of dehydration because of lack of freshwater todrink inevitably ponder drinking their…

A: Dehydration It is defined as fluid volume disturbance characterized by excess loss of body fluids…

Q: Considering the equation for renal clearance: UV C = C =F, if the concentration of a substance in 4.…

A: The basic unit of the bean-shaped organ called the kidney is the nephron. It is the organ of the…

Q: How does salt, sugar and caffeine affect urine volume?

A: A "normal" urine volume relies upon the age and gender. However, normal urine volume is considered…

Q: Terrestrial animals are generally either ureotelic or uricotelic, not ammonotelic, why ?

A: Excretion is the process of removal of nitrogenous waste from the body. Some of the nitrogenous…

Q: How do kidneys assist with regulation of bicarbonate in a patient with metabolic acidosis?   There…

A: The excretory system is a system found in the human body. This system's job is to eliminate excess…

Q: he nephridia of an earthworm excretes urea because: O a. The urea is used to alter the osmotic…

A: The unwanted and harmful substances generated by metabolic activities in the body are called…

Q: Fanconi syndrome is a disorder where the Proximal convoluted Tubule is impaired and does not…

A: Fanconi syndrome is a congenital syndrome, which is caused by insufficient reabsorption in the…

Q: What is the advantage of producing 180 L of filtrate each day only to reabsorb 178 L (99%) of the…

A: This occur in the kidney.

Q: Topic: Excretion in animals What are the different types or modes of excretion based on the type of…

A: Introduction :- The process of excretion is the removal of wastes and excess water from the body. It…

Q: What is the role of the invertebrate/vertebrate gill in osmoregulation

A:

Q: Write the function of enzyme ‘renin’ produced by kidney.

A: Kidney is a vital organ in the body of humans. It is responsible for filtering waste products from…

Q: . Which of the followings is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? A. Cl– is…

A: No, chloride is not absorbed through the chloride channels of cells of the thick segment of loop of…

Q: On the basis of the type of nitrogenous end product, there are three modes of excretion in animals.…

A: Based on the nitrogenous wastes, there are three modes of excretion: Ammonotelism, ureotelism, and…

Q: Excretory systems produce a final excreted product through   A. vesicular packaging of…

A: Excretory system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder and a urethra. The…

Q: 38. The secretion of organic anions------------------. A. is driven by the sodium gradient…

A: Glomerular filtration is a highly selective process, where materials are retrieved from tubular…

Q: Explain the mechanism how furosemide affects kidney tubules. How does this affect K+ balance? How…

A: Furosemide works by preventing salt, chloride, and water from the filtered fluid in the renal…

Q: How does the filtration stage in excretory systems function?

A: The excretory system keeps the body's water balance in check. The excretory system is a complicated…

Q: The nephron reabsorbs glucose through a sodium / glucose transporter. What sort of transporter is…

A: Membrane transport means the transportation of molecules through the plasma membrane or it is also…

Q: Describe how the Renin- Angiotensin axis that regulates the concentration of urine be altered due to…

A: Covid 19 is highly contagious  viral infection which affects multiple organs mainly the lungs…

Q: 1) Compared to those of similarly sized birds and lizards, the kidneys of mammals ______. A) have…

A: Kidneys in all organisms including birds, reptiles and humans play major role in filtration,…

Q: H+ secretion in the renal tubule happens by   Multiple Choice   It follows a negative ion like…

A: Toxic and unwanted material need to be removed in the body. The process of removal of such toxic…

Q: Discuss the role of Sodium ions, how does it relates to CIPA

A: CIPA (congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis) is defined by the failure to sense pain and…

Q: How does renal compensation affect blood plasma levels of HCO3– ? How does respiratory compensation…

A: Renal compensation Renal compensation is a regulatory mechanism in which the pH of the plasma is…

Q: Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?

A: Excretion is the process through which all the metabolic waste products are excreted out of the body…

Q: What is the role of the disulfide bond in oxytocin and vasopressin?

A: The disulfide bond is responsible for the cyclic structure of both oxytocin and vasopressin . They…

Q: The principle of dialysis is employed in artificial kidneys. How do you think this dialysis works?

A: The kidneys are the functional units of the urinary system. The kidneys contain nephrons, which the…

Q: Which of the following is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle?…

A: Excretory organ in case of humans is nephron. It has four different regions in nephron i.e.…

Q: Why is it important that the Loop of Henle passes into the medulla of the kidney? A

A: The urine consists of 95 % water and 5% wastes which contains ions of sodium, potassium and calcium,…

Q: what happens if there's protein in urine?

A: Proteins are one of the most important biomolecules in the body which is normally present in the…

Q: Why do mammals convert ammonia to urea rather than simply excreting it, as fish do?

A: Mammals are the organisms that live on land. They have hair and fur. They are named so because their…

Q: Hydrogen ions (free protons) are a constant threat to the survival of our cells and therefore our…

A: Blood pH should be maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. The pH below 7.35 indicates that the blood is…