What is the "genetic code" and what aspect of post translational modification virtually mandates that "genetic code" applies to mRNA rather than DNA?

Q: What happens to the pre-mRNA before it migrates to the cytoplasm? Explain

A: Answer: TRANSCRIPTION : It is the process in central dogma where DNA is transcribed in to RNA by…

Q: Why is it that pre-mRNAs are capped, but tRNAs and rRNAs are not?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule important in various biological roles such as…

Q: What are some examples of post-translational protein processing?

A: The process by which mRNA is translated to the amino acid sequence is termed as translation. It…

Q: How does a mRNA molecule carry information from DNA?

A: mRNA is a single stranded rna molecule that is complementary to the DNA strands of a gene. mRNA…

Q: What mRNA is most obviously essential in coding proteins, list and describe two classes of…

A: RNA is an intermediate between DNA and proteins.

Q: what is it called when an mRNA is edited and where does it happen?

A: Commonly it’s known that mRNA is produced during the process of transcription which will then go for…

Q: How Is the Base Sequence of mRNA Translated into Protein?

A: Translation is a process by which the genetic code contained within a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule…

Q: During transcription, what will the order of bases be in mRNA, if the base sequence of the coding…

A: ans is... CUAGCU

Q: What is mRNA converted into during the process of translation? Where in the cell does this take…

A: As the name suggests, in the translation, the information contained in the messenger RNA gets…

Q: If a DNA sequence (exons and introns) and the regions upstream/downstream are normal -- but no mRNA…

A: During RNA splicing Introns are removed and Exons ligated together to give rise to a functional RNA…

Q: How do we know that mRNA exists and serves as an intermediate between information encoded in DNA and…

A: It was found that DNA did not directly produce proteins, but instead mRNA transcript is utilized…

Q: Where in eukaryotic cells does mRNA synthesis occur? To where do these molecules migrate?

A: Eukaryotic cell: This cell contains the nucleus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria,…

Q: What is the substrate for RNA synthesis? How is this substrate modified and joined together to…

A: RNA is known as Ribonucleic acid.

Q: What is RNA editing, how can it increase the number of proteins that can be formed from a single…

A: RNA editing also participated in the variations of proteomics sequence. In many types of cancers…

Q: transcription and translation. What

A: Transcription is the process of copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule and…

Q: Which events during translation involve molecular recognition between base sequences within…

A: Introduction  The process of formation of protein from the mRNA is termed as Translation.…

Q: How do cells make a mature mRNA from a gene whose coding sequences are interrupted by introns?

A: During the splicing of an RNA molecule, there are two major parts, one is a coding part, known as…

Q: What features do mature eukaryotic mRNA molecules have that bacterial mRNAs lack?

A: The process associated with the formation of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) from DNA…

Q: Which type of mutation stops the translation of the mRNA?

A: If a point mutation changes the amino acid to a “stop,” it's called a NONSENSE mutation

Q: How is mRNA edited?

A: RNA or ribonucleic acid is a polymer of ribonucleotides connected together via a phosphodiester…

Q: What is mRNA made of?

A: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids that are found in living cells. Almost all living cells contain both…

Q: How does the transcribed mRNA convert into a functional protein?

A: Introduction: Translation is the process by which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic…

Q: What Determine the amount of mRNA that is available for translation ?

A: A single-stranded RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) is complementary to one of a gene's DNA…

Q: What is the mechanism by which a riboswitch regulates translation?

A: Riboswitches are RNA structures that mainly occur in bacteria, but some are also present in archaea,…

Q: Where does translation occur?

A: A "nucleic acid" is a linear polymer of nucleotides that is a component of the cell's information…

Q: Why chaperones are particularly important when translation occurs on membrane-bound ribosomes ?

A: Protein translation either occurs in cytosol by free ribosomes and some proteins gets translated on…

Q: Define the role of mRNA localization and translational control ?

A: mRNA Localization (is a multi-step process). The pre-mRNA is bound by RNA binding proteins (blue…

Q: What is antisense RNA? How does it affect the translation of a complementary mRNA?

A: The DNA is replicated via a process called DNA replication. After this process, the DNA enters in…

Q: How do siRNAs and miRNAs target specific mRNAs for degradation or for the repression of translation?

A: MicroRNAs or miRNAs are a group of small (about 22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that participate in…

Q: What is the anticodon that would pair up with the MRNA codon UAG? In What part of the cell is…

A: The central dogma of molecular biology includes replication, transcription and translation. Between…

Q: What is the mRNA sequence of this DNA and in which direction will mRNA polymerase travel?

A: Messenger RNA is also known as mRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule, which is complementary to one…

Q: What specific roles do translation factors play in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation…

A: In eukaryotes, transcription and translation takes place in different cellular compartments:…

Q: If the base sequence of a segment of a molecule of DNA is changed, will the base sequence of the…

A: The genes are segments of DNA that contain hereditary information. Some part of this gene is…

Q: Why does the mRNA need to be protected from the enzymes in the cell?

A: mRNA need to be protected from the  enzyme  in the cell to inhibit from degradation.  If mRNA get…

Q: What are the major differences in the synthesis and structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs?

A: 1) Prokaryotic: are a single celluler organism that has a diameter of 0.1–5 μm, they have a…

Q: How does the translated mRNA convert into a functional protein?

A: Translation is a process in which cells make the proteins.

Q: What are the components of the initiation complex in protein synthesis? How do they interact with…

A: Protein synthesis is considered as a process, in which a long polypeptide chain is synthesized with…

Q: why is it important that unprocessed mrna never leaves the nucleus?

A: Transcription is the process by which genetic information present in a DNA sequence is copied into…

Q: What is the difference between mRNA and miRNA?

A: The ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a role in the hereditary in bacteria and some viruses. RNA is a…

Q: Why does a bacterial mRNA bind specifically to the small ribosomal subunit?

A: The ribosome is a very complex structure, whose machinery is broadly divided into larger and smaller…

Q: Define the pre-mRNA & mRNA spliceforms of Intron retention ?

A: Pre-mRNA is defined as the first transcript that occurs from a gene that is protein coding in…

Q: What percent of the transcription in a human cell makes protein-coding RNA, and what percent of…

A: The human genome consists of both the regions, which code for proteins and then which do not. The…

Q: Which translation protein mimics RNA structures and why?

A: Gene expression is defined as the process of conversion of information stored in the DNA to the…

Q: How does the pre-MRNA transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell compare to the MRNA found in…

A: How does the pre-mRNA transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell compare to the mRNA found in…

Q: How and why do prokaryotic mRNA and eukaryotic mRNA differ?

A: mRNA or messenger RNA is a nucleotide molecule that carries information from the DNA to form…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.