Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.
Glucogenesis
Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,
How many molecules of ATP are obtained from complete (including the fourth stage of catabolism)
First the glycoside linkages in glucose are hydrolyzed, there will be no ATP generation in this step.
The second stage is glycolysis, in this step one molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate. Thus two molecules of ATP is produced along with 2 NADH molecules.
Third stage is the citric acid cycle, one molecule of acetyl CoA produces 1 ATP, 3NADH and 1 FADH2 . Since two acetyl CoA are oxidized, 2 ATP , 6 NADH and 2 FADH2 are produced.
Last step is the oxidative phosphorylation, here in this step 1 NADH and 1 FADH2 molecules are produced in total.
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