(I) Compute the marginal rates of substitution of each firm at the Nash equilibrium. Is the Nash equilibrium Pareto optimal? Why? (m) Explain briefly why the Nash equilibrium is not Pareto optimal. Where is the source of the negative externalities?
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- COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - Cournot Model:In the market for a given good there are only 2 firms satisfying the demand, and their respective total cost functions respond to the form: CTi = 10Qi + 5 and the demand is estimated to be: P = 31 - QIf the decision variable for both firms is that the quantity they will produce and realize will be decided simultaneously it is asked to:(a) calculate the profit and reaction function of each firmb) graph market equilibriumc) calculate the profits that both companies will obtain in equilibriumConsider a small town with two competing restaurants: Doug’s Diner and Betty’s Bistro. There is 1000profit to be made in the market. Each period, the restaurants simultaneously decide whether to offer high orlow quality food. In order to offer high quality food, each restaurant must hire an expert chef, which incursan additional cost of 100. The restaurants split the profit equally if they offer the same quality of food. Ifone restaurant offers high quality food while the other offers low quality food, the high quality restauranttakes four fifths of the profit and the low quality restaurant takes one fifth of the profit.(a) Draw up the normal form game matrix, showing the players, strategies, and payoffs.(b) Determine the Nash equilibrium of this game.(c) Explain how the restaurant owners could both be better off than in the Nash equilibrium if they wereable to cooperate. Is the town as a whole better off or worse off when the firms cooperate? Why or whynotPlease no written by hand solutions 2. Mr Gieves and Mr Hawkes produce items of clothing. The market demand for clothes is y = 13-p with y = y1+y2 and p denoting the market price of clothes. Mr Gieves and Mr Hawkes compete by simultaneously choosing the quantity of clothes to send to the market, and their cost functions are C1 (y1) = y₁ and C₂(y2) = y2 respectively. (a) Set up the profit functions, and derive the reaction functions. (b) Find the Cournot equilibrium of the market. Indicate what the market price, individual outputs and profits are.
- The marginal cost of a product is fixed at MC = 20. The demand for the product is Q = 100 - 2P. (a) Now consider a Cournot model with two firms that are choosing quantities simultaneously. What is the best reply (best response) function for each firm? What is theNash equilibrium? What is the total surplus? (b)What do you expect the total surplus would be with three firms? Why? (You do not need to calculate an exact value. You can say ”total surplus is at least 100”, or ”total surplus is at most 80”)(Cournot competition with different marginal costs) Our best estimate for total marketdemand in a given market is P 1000-2Q. Two firms (1 and 2) are competing in this market in quantities, choosing Q1 and Q2 simultaneously. Firm 1 has marginalcost equal to c1 = 100 and Firm 2 produces at marginal cost c2 = 200. (a) Write down the profits of both firms and and their best response functions. (b) Find the Cournot - Nash equilibrium in quantities, and calculate equilibrium profits for both firms. (c) Suppose that each firm has the option, at a previous stage, to invest in an R&D project that will reduce its marginal cost of production by 50% if successful. What is the value of this innovation to each firm? Given that R&D costs and successprobabilities are equal, which one has greater incentives to invest in R&D ? You can think in terms of per - period profits to set aside timing issues.(a) What are the sets of pure strategies of players A and B?(b) Find the subgame perfect equilibrium(c) Provide a brief argument why the SPE is unique (i.e., why there are no more SPE, whether in pure or mixed strategies).
- The market inverse demandfor salt is P(Q) = 1000−10Q. There are n firms producing salt, each with the sameconstant marginal cost c. Show that as n increases, the market gets closer to efficiency.The steps for solving a maximization problem can include A. Using the constraints to eliminate some variables B. Finding the partial derivatives with respect to controls or choices C. Solving the FOC for the optimal choice D. All of the Above The definition of competitive equilibrium is A. A fight among firms that has drawn to a tie B. Allocations and prices such that all agents behave optimally and markets clear C. An economy in which each firm monopolistically sets prices D. Where the governmental exogenously sets prices to maximize welfareASAP PLZ You are the manager of Taurus Technologies, and your sole competitor is Spyder Technologies. The two firms’ products are viewed as identical by most consumers. The relevant cost functions are C(Qi) = 2Qi, and the inverse market demand curve for this unique product is given by P = 650 −3 Q. Currently, you and your rival simultaneously (but independently) make production decisions, and the price you fetch for the product depends on the total amount produced by each firm. However, by making an unrecoverable fixed investment of $1,800, Taurus Technologies can bring its product to market before Spyder finalizes production plans. (Assume Taurus Technologies is the leader in this scenario.)What are your profits if you do not make the investment? $ ____What are your profits if you do make the investment?Instructions: Do not include the investment of $1,800 as part of your profit calculation. $ ____ Should you invest the $1,800? multiple choice Yes - the benefits of establishing…
- The Able Manufacturing Company and Better Bettors, Inc. are rival firms in the production of a calculator used by horse racing fans for handicapping (determining betting strategies). Each firm has a fixed cost of $100 and a MC = $10 in producing calculators. The demand for the industry’s product is: Q = 900 – 5P, where P is the market price and Q = Q1 + Q2. If each firm must choose how many calculators to produce and sell without knowing of its rival’s production decision, what will be the Cournot equilibrium price and quantities produced? Calculate the profit for each firm.Suppose we have a Hotelling model with N = 150 people who consider the good very valuable at V = $1000 so all consumers will buy from one store or the other, transport costs are t = $25 a mile. We have two competing firms at opposite ends of the road. Firm 2 is located at 0 and firm 2 at 1. Let marginal cost of production be $3. show that: D1= 150(p2 - p1 + $25)/50 Profit1= 3(p1 - 3)(p2 - p1 + 25)Kara and Kyle are competing sockeye salmon fishers. Both have been allocated ITQs that limit their catch to 2,000 tons of sockeye salmon each. Kara's cost per ton is $8; Kyle's cost per ton is $12. If the market price of sockeye salmon is $15 per ton, and Kara and Kyle both catch their quota, their combined profit will be Multiple Choice $20,000. $14,000. $30,000. $6,000.