i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same antigen is identified? iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q?

i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same antigen is identified? iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q?

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter34: Immunity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SA: Which of the following is not a part of innate immunity? a. phagocytic cells e. inflammation b....

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: What activates a Helper T-cell?

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium be targeted by a particular T cell response? Describe the…

A: T cells (also called T lymphocytes) are one of the major components of the adaptive immune system.…

Q: What is the function of the MHC antigens?

A: MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex.

Q: What is the difference between a primary antibody and a secondary antibody?

A: An immunoglobulin or antibody can be defined as the glycoproteins sythesized by immune system is…

Q: What are chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) ?

A: The patient with impairment or dysfunction of the immune cells is aided clinically by a process…

Q: What is the function of the variable regions in an antibody molecule?

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Which is typical of antibody–antigen reactions?

A: Antigen and antibodies are a part of the immune system that provides immunity to an organism.…

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Explain the two processes by which B-cells are activated to inactivate an antigen?

A: B cells are activated mainly by either of the two processes - PROCESS 1- B cells are activated…

Q: What are the protective outcomes of antibodies binding to antigen?

A: In response to antigenic stimulation, antibodies are produced which are immunoglobulins. The…

Q: how does the body differentiate between self and non-self antigens?

A: Immune systems protects a person from foreign antigens or dangerous invaders such as microbes,…

Q: List the subclasses of T-helper cells and state the type(s) of the pathogen(s) targeted by each?

A: T lymphocytes or T-cells are the vital players of the adaptive immune response. They are derived…

Q: What is the difference between a T-cell-dependent and T-cell- independent response?

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: What is the activation signal for NK cells? How doesthis differ from the activity of T-cytotoxic…

A: Introduction: Natural killer cells are lymphocytes of the same family as T and B cells. They are…

Q: Explain why the B cells response is described as “humoral”, but the T cell’s response is described…

A: Both B cells and T cells are lymphocytes that are gotten from explicit sorts of foundational…

Q: Which of the following activities leads to the redness of inflammation? Group of answer choices…

A: Inflammation is the response of the immune system of the body to potentially harmful factors like…

Q: What is meant by the “window” regarding antibody presence in the blood?

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Pathogen attack…

Q: Where does the antigen binding region of a BCR and an antibody molecule occur?

A: The B cell receptor (BCR) is a protein on the surface of the B cell composed of membrane bound…

Q: How do the Fc and variable regions of antibodies differ?

A: The structure of all immunoglobulins consists of four chains: two identical light chains and two…

Q: How to the levels of CstF in B lymphocytes determine whether antibodies will be membrane- bound or…

A: Antibodies are produced by this type of white blood cell. B lymphocytes are immune cells that…

Q: Why is the secondary response to an antigen so much faster than the primary response?

A: The secondary immunologic response is that the reaction of the immune system once it contacts a…

Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…

A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…

Q: Many cells in the human body have proteins on the surface that are able to interact with the…

A: Introduction Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and…

Q: In the process shown in Diagram 2, what performs the function most similar to that of the activated…

A: Humans have a well-developed immune system to fight the foreign particles entering our bodies. There…

Q: What is the function of an antigen-presenting cell?

A: Antigen presenting cells are some type of heterogeneous group of immune cells which mediate the…

Q: Although we lumped all lymphocytes together (normal and unusually large ones), what is the correct…

A: Adaptive immunity is the immunity developed after the body encounters the antigen and it removes the…

Q: mty Match each lettered term with the most closely related description. a. opsonization 1 Two…

A: immune system protect the child's body from any external invaders. These invaders are germs,…

Q: Immature B cells can drive strong adaptive immune responses by maturing into _______. Group of…

A: There is some information about B cells ; B cells are at the centre of the adaptive humoral immune…

Q: What Are The Forces That Are Responsible For Antigen-antibody Reactions?

A: The antigen-antibody reaction is employed in laboratory settings for diagnosis of blood grouping…

Q: What are the four types of immunity and apply the the chickenpox virus to this material?

A: The immune system includes special cells, chemicals, and organs that can fight foreign bodies such…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: Name two ways in which the presence of antibodies enhances phagocytosis.

A: Antibodies are immune proteins that circulate in the bloodstream and identify and kill foreign…

Q: In general, what are consequences of activation of the TH1 arm of the immune response? Activation of…

A: Cell mediated immunity and allergic responses are biological effects that are mediated by cytokines.…

Q: What is the function of Fab and Fc region on an antibody?

A: Given: What is the function of Fab and Fc region on an antibody?

Q: In what way does the T cell’s membrane receptors differ from the B cell’s membrane receptor? In…

A: B cells and T cells are lymphocytes (white blood cells) , they are made in bone marrows and work to…

Q: A) What is the significance of producing monoclonal antibodies? B) What is the role of cell…

A: For Question B & C Post separately

Q: What is opsonization? What is the role of antibodies in this process?

A: When the immune system recognizes foreign antigen enters in the body, complement activation occurs.…

Q: How can the anamnestic response be explained in immunologic terms?

A: The immune system of the human body is divided into innate immunity and the adaptive immunity.…

Q: Which portion of the antibody molecule has specificity against an antigen?

A: The immune system is responsible for eliciting a response in order to build a defense mechanism…

Q: How can an extracellular bacterium and an intracellular virus independently be targeted by a…

A: Cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells provide protection against differen types of pathoges.…

Q: What is the term for a cluster of connected antigens, complement molecules, and antibodies in…

Q: Describe the mechanisms for antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I and class II…

A: INTRODUCTION Everybody's immune system is different, but it usually gets stronger as we get older…

Concept explainers

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.

Question

b) Figure 14 shows a part of acquired immune response.
Pathogen
P
Antigen
fragments
MHC
Antigen
гесeptor.
CD4
Helper T cell
Activated
helper T cell
Figure 14
i) Describe the above process.
II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same
antigen is identified?
iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q7

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Which of the following is not a part of innate immunity? a. phagocytic cells e. inflammation b. fever f. complement activation c. histamines g. presenting antigen d. cytokines h. all take part
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through whichantigen-reactive cells are first selected followed bythe elimination of cells that react strongly withself-antigens?
How do superantigens differ from conventionalantigens in terms of initial T cell activation and clinicaloutcome? How does immunodeficiency resulting fromSCID differ from that caused by HIV infection andAIDS?
1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement. 2.Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgAandIgD B. IgAandIgE C. IgDandIgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgMandIgG
At first glance, it would seem a dangerous strategyfor the thymus to actively promote the survival, matura-tion, and emigration of developing T cells that bind weaklyto self peptides bound to self MHC molecules. Would itnot be safer to get rid of these T cells, along with those thatbind strongly to such self-peptide–MHC complexes, as thiswould seem a more secure way to avoid autoimmune reac-tions?
What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.
Define the following terms:a. T cellsb. B cellsc. cellular immunityd. humoral immunitye. myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
Cells from mouse spleen were fixed and stain with CD4, whichis found on T cells. Are the lighter green and black dots teh CD4?
What is the name given toconditions in which the ownimmune system of theindividual is the agent ofdiseases? What are someexamples of these conditions?
Heidelberger observed that complement inhibited the formation of precipitating antigen-antibody lattices. Therefore, what factors influence the immune complex lattice size?
How antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens, explain?