Question 3 (i) Explain the relationship between the current account balance given by exports (X) minus imports (M) and the following four variables: private investment (I), private savings (S), Taxes (T) and government expenditure on goods and services (G). (ii) Explain the difference between a closed economy fiscal multiplier and an open economy fiscal multiplier giving the appropriate equations. In both cases incorporate a government sector with an income tax rate given by t. (iii)Explain what is meant by the current account multiplier in relation to a fiscal expansion, giving the appropriate equation.
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- If an economy has current account and budget deficits, the government should tighten fiscal policy. State whether this statement is True, False or Uncertain. Explain why using the Balance of Trade or Balance of Payments curve and use the accounting framework. What does current account refer to here exactly? What does a budget deficit mean in technical terms. Give equations for both. Also draw a diagram to illustrate necessary fiscal policy implications.An increase in the budget deficit is the result of: A) Expansionary monetary policy; B) Contractionary monetary policy; C) Expansionary fiscal policy; D) Contractionary fiscal policy. Company tax is a: (a) Progressive, direct tax; (b) Progressive, indirect tax; (c) Proportional direct tax; (d) Regressive indirect tax. In the base year, a country produced 50 units of output at a price of R6,00 each for a nominal GDP of R300. This year it produces 60 units of output at a price of R8,00 each. What is the percentage change in real GDP since the base year? (a) 5%; (b) 10%; (c) 20%; (d) 15%.(iii)Explain what is meant by the current account multiplier in relation to a fiscal expansion, giving the appropriate equation.
- Which of the following is a true statement describing expansionary fiscal policy’s impact in open and closed economies? Select one: a. Expansionary fiscal policy crowds out only investment spending and purchases of consumer durables in an open economy. b. Expansionary fiscal policy crowds out investment spending, purchases of consumer durables and net exports in an open economy. c. Expansionary fiscal policy crowds out investment spending, purchases of consumer durables and net exports in a closed economy. d. Expansionary fiscal policy does not crowd out investment spending and purchases of consumer durables in an open economy.a. "Under fixed exchange rates, monetary policy should be used to attain external balance and fiscal policy for internal balance; otherwise the economy never reaches balance." Critically discuss with reference to the policy mix diagram and the principle of effective market classification. b. Distinguish between expenditure-changing and expenditure switching policies and show how the Swan Diagram is constructed in order to analyse the effects of these policies on the macroeconomy. What combination of policies does your analysis suggest when the economy is initially in a recession with a balance of payments deficit?The recent Trump tax cuts are projected to increase the national debt by $24.5 trillion over the next 20 years. This will be financed through future taxes. Americans' future standard of living will increase if Question 14 options: the current account goes into surplus the government increases expenditures net exports rise substantially the tax cuts produce a large increase in current and future GDP
- Using the following data, determine: National Income (GDP) 1,275 billion Marginal propensity to consume, b 0.9 Proportional rate of taxes 0.35 Autonomous expenditure 45 billion Exports 400 billion Marginal propensity to import, MPIm 0.23 Part 1: Level of Canadian imports, M? Part 2: Level of Canadian net exports, NX? Part 3: Is the trade balance in: (answer 1 for Surplus or 2 for Deficit )The equilibrium condition for GDP in an open economy is: Y = C + I + G + (X – M) GDP can be eitherspent, saved, or taxed away , so it is necessary that: Y = Substituting the second equation into the first equation and rearranging yields: X – M = The fundamental equation shows that an increase in the taxes will cause the budget deficit to , which should the trade deficit.Using the information below for the open economy model,a) Solve the equilibrium output step-by-step.b) Solve the trade balance step-by-step.c) Solve the fiscal balance step-by-step.Autonomous consumption → CA= 110Marginal propensity to consume → cY = 0.5Lump-sum tax collection → T = 50Income tax rate → t = 0.2Investment expenditure → I = 100Government expenditure → G = 100Exports → X = 100Marginal propensity to import → m = 0.3
- You have the following annual data for the New Zealand economy ($bn): GDP (Y) = 184 Gross National Disposable Income (Yd) = 171 Net exports of goods and services (NX) = 0 Private Consumption (C) = 106 Government consumption (G) = 34 Based on this data, complete the following paragraph (enter numbers only). Investment (I) is equal to $____bn. The current account SELECT (surplus or deficit) is equal to $_____bn. The capital account part of the balance of payments (which for the purposes of this question includes both capital and financial accounts) therefore shows a SELECT (surplus or deficit) of $_____bn. National savings is equal to $_____bn.Consider a small country that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. The following equations describe the economy of this country in billions of dollars, where C is consumption, DI is disposable income, I is investment, and G is government purchases: C� = = 30+0.8×DI30+0.8×DI G� = = 5050 I� = = 6060 Initially, this economy had a lump sum tax. Suppose net taxes were $50 billion, so that disposable income was equal to Y – 50, where Y is real GDP. In this case, this economy's aggregate output demanded was ___________ . Suppose the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising taxes. Because the spending multiplier is ____________ , this will increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by ____________ . Now suppose that the government switches to a proportional tax on income of 10%. Because consumers retain the remaining 90% of their income, disposable income is now equal to 0.90Y. In this case, the economy's aggregate output…SECTION 4: TRUE OR FALSE OR UNCERTAIN 25. According to the classical macroeconomic model, expansionary fiscal policy has an inflationary effect. 26. Assuming that you have free capital mobility and fixed exchange rate policy, then fiscal policy has a positive effect on output 27. Expansionary fiscal policy always has a depreciating effect on the domestic exchange rate. 28. According to the relative income hypothesis, the savings rate is a non-linear function of the ratio of current to previous peak income. 29. In the IS-LM-BOP model, macroeconomic adjustments occur through changes in money supply if the country adopts a fixed exchange rate regime. 30. According to the impossible trinity, a country that has a liberalized capital account and independent monetary policy will also achieve a stable exchange rate.