I understand that Phenylketonuria, or PKU is recessive and that by looking at the pedigree analysis that Ryan and Natalie are mother/son, but I don't understand the genotypes for Max and Kate.   Thanks for any help.

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.