Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl- COA.Acetyl- CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measuredthe accumulation of acetyl- CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvatedehydrogenase under several different conditions. Pyruvate dehydrogenasedeficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the a-subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to ceasefunctioning. Because of this mutation, individuals that are affected build updangerous amounts of lactic acid. How can you explain the buildup of lactic acidwhen someone has this mutation? *70T60-50-403020Acetyl-CoAmicromoles) Condition 1Condition 2Condition 3Figure 1. Accumulation of acetyl-CoA under different conditionsO Cells undergo glycolysis because there is a buildup of pyruvate in affected individuals.Cells undergo fermentation because pyruvate cannot be metabolized to proceed intothe Krebs cycle.Cells use lactic acid to shunt electrons from pyruvate to the electron transport chainin the mitochondria.Cells cannot transport pyruvate to the mitochondria in the absence of pyruvatedehydrogenase activity, so the pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid and ethanol.following auestions can best be answered by the diagram?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase -- Pyruvate dehydrogenase is very important enzyme in respiratory process…

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl- COA. Acetyl- CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl- CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the a- subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. Because of this mutation, individuals that are affected build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid How can vou exnlain the buildun of lantio

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl- COA. Acetyl- CoA is further metabolized in the Krebs cycle. A researcher measured the accumulation of acetyl- CoA in a reaction containing pyruvate and pyruvate dehydrogenase under several different conditions. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disease most commonly linked to a mutation in the a- subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme that causes the enzyme to cease functioning. Because of this mutation, individuals that are affected build up dangerous amounts of lactic acid How can vou exnlain the buildun of lantio

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Speculate about how a high level of cytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.
How similar of an effect would a mutation in pyruvate dehydrogenase have, compared to a mutation in pyruvate carboxylase that blocks its ability to be regulated by acetyl-CoA?
The CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?
Which of the following is NOT a metabolic fate of pyruvate? The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA. Pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate. Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the formation of lactate from pyruvate.
Which of the following is most likely to cause accumulation of acetyl CoA? Group of answer choices There is not enough oxaloacetate present to run the citric acid cycle Increase activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase Increased fatty acid synthesis Increased citrate synthase activity When fluoroacetate (an analog of acetate) is added to the mitochondria, it causes build up of fluorocitrate. Which of the following is most likely to be true? Group of answer choices Fluoroacetate cannot be converted to fluoroacetyl CoA Fluoroacetyl CoA cannot be combined with oxaloacetate to enter the citric acid cycle Addition of fluoroacetate will cause an increase in isocitrate Aconitase cannot use fluorocitrate as a substrate
Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinyl CoA synthetase D) succinate dehydrogenase E) malate dehydrogenase
Which of the following statements are TRUE?Multiple answers are accepted for this question a .Two molecules of CO2 are produced each time a molecule of Acetyl-CoA is oxidized. b. During the first turn of the TCA Cycle the carbon atoms of Acetyl-CoA become CO2. c. The number of molecules of ATP that can be produced in the Citric Acid Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation of ADP from two molecules of Acetyl-CoA is 30. d. Fumarate contains a trans double bond. The cis isomer of Fumarate is Maleate which cannot serve as carbon source for a cell. e. Lack of O2 would decrease the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle in red blood cells. f. If a potent inhibitor of Succinyl-CoA Synthetaseis is applied to liver cells both energy production and synthesis of carbohydrate would be affected. g. The overall chemical changes that occur during one complete turn of the Citric Acid Cycle is the complete oxidation of one molecule of Acetyl-CoA plus the production of two molecules of CO2 plus the…
When one acetyl CoA is processed through the citric acid cycle, how many times does each of the following events occur? a. A FAD molecule is a reactant. b. A CoA-SH molecule is produced. c. A dehydrogenase enzyme is needed for the reaction to occur. d. A C5 molecule is produced.
E1 and E2 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is coupled via: (d) Transfer of an acetyl group from TPP to lipoamide a and c b and d (a) Reductive decarboxylation of pyruvate coupled to oxidation of acetylation of lipoamide (c) Transfer of an acetyl group from lipoamide to TPP (b) Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate coupled to reduction of acetylation of lipoamide
Complete the following description of the mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by using words provided. Not all words will be used. Each word will be used only one time. Three enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex work together to catalyze the production of Acetyl CoA from Pyruvate. First, a 2-carbon unit composed of Carbons # ____ and ____ of Pyruvate are added to the co-enzyme ______ and whereas Carbon # ______ leaves as CO. The C-2 unit together with the co-enzyme is called ______ .The C-2 unit is then transferred to the 2nd co-enzyme ____, which is initially in it ___ state. The enzyme that catalyzes this step is ______.From here, the C-2 unit is transferred to form a _____ linkage with CoA-SH to generate_____
Which of the following is NOT a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase b. dihydrolipoyl transacetylase c. pyruvate dehydrogenase d. dihydrolipoyl catalase
The same reactions that were seen in the process of converting pyruvate to acetyl-S-CoA, occur in step ____ of the citric acid cycle as ____________ is converted to _________________.