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- Why may some bacteria use extracellular enzymes to form blood clots? View Available Hint(s) for Part H The blood clots are a necessary food source for the bacteria. Blood clot can hide bacteria from the immune system. A blood clot leads to tissue necrosis or death, a necessary condition for infection. The blood clots cause disease, which is the intended purpose of the bacteria.Some bacteria secrete chemicals that prevent the phagocytic digestion of a bacterium by interfering with the fusion of _____ to the phagosome. View Available Hint(s) for Part F the bacterium a lysosome pseudopods a lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS)The antigen-presenting proteins arrive at the plasma membrane. Which of the following is NOT part of the the vesicle used to deliver the protein to the plasma membrane? a. A V-SNARE b. Clathrin c. A G-protein d. Calnexin
- Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and dConsumer products including bandages, cotton balls, diapers, and contact lens solutions are routinely irradiated. There is no opposition to these products in the marketplace. Given this, why are irradiated foods not more accepted when they can prevent illness from E. coli and other pathogens?Figure 21.10 Which of the following statements is false? In the lytic cycle, new phages are produced and released into the environment. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome. An environmental stressor can cause the phage to initiate the lysogenic cycle. Cell lysis only occurs in the lytic cycle.
- Robert Koch (a) proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms (b) discovered Helicobacter (c) showed that biofilms consist of microorganisms (d) proposed a hypothesis for antibiotic resistance (e) demonstrated that people can be stimulated to develop immunity to diseaseFigure 21.8 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope that fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?Some bacteria secrete a nonprotein material to cover their antigen. This allows it to go unnoticed by the immune system. That coating is called ___. the capsid the spore cilia the capsule
- The spike proteins of a coronavirus are one half of the Velcro mentioned in the video, and the other half of the Velcro consists of molecules on the surface of human cells. What happens after coronavirus spike proteins bind to molecules on the surface of a human cell?Fill in the blank: The shape of a red blood cell can be described as a _______________________ disk.fever helps the body fight infection in which of the follwoing ways? a. fever causes the creation of lysosomes b. increased body temperature decreases phagocytosis c. fever inhibits the growth of some microorganisms d. fever increases capillary permeability
