Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 2SQ
Complement proteins function in defense by _______.
- a. neutralizing toxins
- b. enhancing resident bacteria
- c. promoting inflammation
- d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate
- e. both a and b
- f. both c and d
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Antibodiesa. prevent antigens from binding together.b. promote phagocytosis.c. inhibit inflammation.d. block complement activation.e. block the function of opsonins
Variable amino acid sequences on the arms of the antibody moleculea. make the antibody specific for a given antigen.b. enable the antibody to activate complement.c. enable the antibody to attach to basophils and mast cells.d. are part of the constant region.e. All of these are correct.
Part of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process
A.) creates an acidic environment that prevents pathogen attachment
B.) causes holes to form in the pathogen's cell walls.
C.) coats the pathogen exterior so that it is recognized by the host's phagocytes.
D.) causes the pathogen to become trapped in mucus.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Distinguish between a. neutrophil and macrophage...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between innate immunity and...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between an allergy and an...Ch. 9 - ______ are barriers to pathogens at body surfaces....Ch. 9 - Complement proteins function in defense by...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3SQCh. 9 - Prob. 4SQCh. 9 - Antibody-mediated responses work best against...Ch. 9 - Cell-mediated responses work best against...
Ch. 9 - The most common antigens are __________. a....Ch. 9 - The ability to develop a secondary immune response...Ch. 9 - Tears are part of the bodys defensive arsenal....Ch. 9 - Match the immunity concepts: __________...Ch. 9 - New research suggests a link between some microbes...Ch. 9 - Given what you now know about how foreign invaders...Ch. 9 - Researchers have been trying to develop a way to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4CTCh. 9 - Prob. 5CT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
The cytolytic action of the complement system is most similar to the action ofa. interleukin-1.b. platelet-derived growth factor.c. granzymes.d. perforin.e. IgE
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A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation.
a. regulator of complement activation
b. convertase
c. complement control protein module
d. zymogen
e. opsonin.
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Two of the major actions of complement are a. increased inflammatory response and cytolysis. b. recognition and destruction of a specific antigen and cytolysis. c. production of antibody and increased inflammatory response. d. release of cytokines to increase the immune response and production of antibody.
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__________________ is a condition that results when cytotoxic T cells attack the body’s own cells.a. An allergic response b. Autoimmune disease c. Passive immunityd. Active immunity
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The cross-linkage of antigenic cells by antibodies is known asa. opsonization
b. a cross-reaction
c. agglutinationd. complement fixation
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Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosis
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Which of the following is not an action of complement? (a) enhances phagocytosis (b) enhances inflammatoryresponse (c) coats pathogens (d) lyses viruses (e) stimulatesproduction of memory T cells
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Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components?
A.
made by the spleen
B.
located in extracellular spaces
C.
some function as proteases once activated
D.
activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions.
E.
soluble proteins
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Immunoglobins help eliminate the pathogen through the process of:
A. Release of hydrolytic enzymes on the pathogen
B. Agglutination and precipitation
C. Direct phagocytosis
D. Activating platelets
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The complement system of defense is composed of proteins that are always present in the blood. Which statement describes the importance of this system in early pathogen defense?
A.) It does not have to be activated by antibodies.
B.) It rapidly lower the blood pH.
C.) It recognizes specific common pathogens.
D.) It causes immediate pathogen lysis.
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Complement activation: (a) stimulates inflammation. (b) attracts phagocytes.(c) enhances phagocytosis. (d) a, b, and c are correct.
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One very effective treatment for SARS-Cov-2 is the injection of serum containing antibodies from recovered patients into the blood stream of infected, symptomatic, non-recovered individuals. This type of treatment is an example of:
A) innate immunity
B) naturally acquired active immunity
C) naturally acquired passive immunity
D) artificially acquired active immunity
E) artificially acquired passive immunity
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Immune System and Immune Response Animation; Author: Medical Sciences Animations;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDdbUBXPKc4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Immune response: summary; Author: Dr Bhavsar Biology;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADANgHkX4OY;License: Standard Youtube License