Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 3VCQ
Figure 21.10 Which of the following statements is false?
- In the lytic cycle, new phages are produced and released into the environment.
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You are studying your favorite (hypothetical) bacteriophage named M277. It infects E. coli and stays dormant within the bacterial cell.
How does a phage become dormant within a cell? Generally, describe the steps of infection by phage in this scenario
Some phages have a modified replication cycle in which infected host cells continue to grow and reproduce normally. In this cycle the phage DNA incorporates into the bacterial DNA. The integrated virus is called a ________________. And the cycle is known a ____________________or ________________.
Which of the following is true of Generalized transduction?
O creates defective virions that are missing the entire phage genome
phage and host DNA are both packed in the capsid by error
Cha type of Hirgone transfer
Frequency is I in 10¹
O occurs during the lysogenic cycle
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 21 - Figure 21.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Figure 21.8 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral...Ch. 21 - Figure 21.10 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true? A virion contains DNA and...Ch. 21 - The viral______play(s) a role in attaching a...Ch. 21 - Viruses. all have a round shape cannot have a long...Ch. 21 - The observation that the bacteria genus Chlamydia...Ch. 21 - A scientist discovers a new virus with a linear,...Ch. 21 - Which statement is not true of viral replication?...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of viral replication? In...
Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of reverse transcriptase?...Ch. 21 - Oncogenic virus cores can be. RNA DNA neither RNA...Ch. 21 - Which is true of DNA viruses? They use the host...Ch. 21 - A bacteriophage can infect the lungs viruses...Ch. 21 - People with the CCR5?32 mutation of a T-cell...Ch. 21 - An apple grower notices that several of his apple...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is NOT used to treat active...Ch. 21 - Vaccines. are similar to viroids are only needed...Ch. 21 - A patient presents at the clinic with an acute...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not associated with...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of viroids? They are...Ch. 21 - The first electron micrograph of a virus (tobacco...Ch. 21 - Varicella-zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA...Ch. 21 - Classify the Rabies virus (a rhabdovirus family...Ch. 21 - Why can’t dogs catch the measles?Ch. 21 - One of the first and most important targets for...Ch. 21 - In this section, you were introduced to different...Ch. 21 - Although plant viruses cannot infect humans, what...Ch. 21 - A bacteriophage with a lytic life cycle develops a...Ch. 21 - Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid...Ch. 21 - The vaccine Gardasil that targets human papilloma...Ch. 21 - Prions are responsible for variant Creutzfeldt...Ch. 21 - How are viroids like viruses?Ch. 21 - A botanist notices that a tomato plant looks...
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- Select all the following events that occurs in both the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection. viral protein synthesis digestion of host DNA attachment entryarrow_forwardWhich of the following terms describes bacteriophage DNA that has become integrated into the host cell chromosome? A) plasmid B) impolite phage C) transposon D) prophagearrow_forwardPut in the correct order the following steps of the lytic cycle in phage replication: 1. Phage components are assembled into mature virions 2. Phage attach to a host cell 3. The bacterial cell lyses and many new infectious virions are released 4. Phage DNA is injected into the bacterial cell 5. Copies of phage genome and phage proteins are made, the host DNA is degradedarrow_forward
- Which statement describes the difference between a lytic and lysogenic phage cycle? In a lytic cycle, new phage particles will be produced; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA is passed to new cells but does not produce phage particles. In a lytic cycle, the host cell does not die; in a lysogenic cycle, the host is killed. In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA enters the host cell; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA remains on the exterior of the host cell. In a lytic cycle, the phage DNA incorporates into the host genome; in a lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA does not incorporate into the host genome.arrow_forwardWhen phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of itshost cell and is replicated when the host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle?a. lytic cycleb. virulence cyclec. lysogenic cycled. cell cycle e. multiplication cyclearrow_forwardAn antimicrobial drug binds to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing it from working. Which of the following is true of this drug? It would inhibit early replication steps of some viruses, but not affect normal eukaryotic cell activity. It would directly interfere with translation of some viral proteins and some eukaryotic proteins. It would block assembly/maturation steps of some viruses, and interfere with translation in eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with release of newly formed viruses from a host cell, but not affect eukaryotic cells. It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes. It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and viruses, but not affect eukaryotic transcription.arrow_forward
- The transfer of a specific gene from one host cell to another host cell using a virus is called: Generalized transduction Natural competence Conjugation Acquired competence Specialize transductionarrow_forwardWhich of the following events occurs in the lytic cycle of bacteriophage T4 infection but NOT in the lysogenic cycle? a.both digestion of host DNA and viral proteins synthesis b.attachment c.viral protein synthesis d.digestion of host DNA e.entryarrow_forwardMost phages that use DNA to propagate work by hijacking host bacterial machinery including RNA Polymerase. Scientists found that treatment of jumbo bacteriophage PhiKZ with Rifampicin did not stop the phage from propagating. What is allowing for the survival of this phage?arrow_forward
- VIRUS who do they multiply (compare and contrast Lytic cycle to Lysogenic cycle) what are the parts (include diagram) what is reverse transcriptase (how does it work) why do they steal cell membranes why are they not considered alivearrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.arrow_forwardThere have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?arrow_forward
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