Illustrate the pathways to synthesize the following amino acids: glutamine, serine, arginine, glycine, and cysteine.

Q: Why are transamination reactions important in both thesynthesis and degradation of amino acids?

A: Transamination reactions are the process by which amino groups and transferred to acceptor keto…

Q: Illustrate the two types of reactions by which the amino group is removed?

A: Amino acid catabolism takes place through a series of reactions where the first step is to remove an…

Q: List the essential amino acids for a phenylketonuric adultand compare them with the requirements for…

A: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is defined as a rare genetic human condition. It causes an amino acid called…

Q: What two processes ensure that the correct amino acidis added to a growing polypeptide chain?

A: The tRNA is a transfer RNA. It reads the nucleotide present on the mRNA and translates that mRNA…

Q: Describe the common features of amino acid degradation

A: The proteins are considered as the polymer of the amino acids monomers, which are joined together to…

Q: Why can’t fatty acids be used to synthesize glucose?

A: Fatty acids refers to a long aliphatic chain of hydrocarbons along with carboxylic acid. It is an…

Q: Why lactose cannot be used to replace IPTG?

A: Why lactose can not be used to replace IPTG? IPTG:- isopropyl thiogalactopyranoside usually mimic…

Q: Name the enzyme responsible for binding of aminoacid to trna?

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biomolecule that plays important role in coding, decoding, and…

Q: What molecules can be used to synthesize glucose?

A: Biomolecule, likewise called natural atom, any of various substances that are delivered by cells and…

Q: Define the term GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?

A: GABA (Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ) is a natural occurring amino acid that work as a neurotransmitter in…

Q: Discuss the role of Beta-sheets in the structure and assembly of ketatins?

A: Keratins are fibrous proteins present in hair, feathers, nails, and horns. The keratin most commonly…

Q: Describe the three main classes of glycoproteins and explain their biochemical roles.

A: Introduction   Glycoproteins are proteins that contain carbohydrates attached to amino acid…

Q: Define the Synthesis of Purine nucleotides from IMP ?

A: Nucleotides can be defined as the molecules which help in the formation of nucleic acids such as DNA…

Q: Describe lysine degradation.

A: The amino acid is an organic acid that contains an alpha carboxyl group, alpha amino group, a…

Q: Identify major ways that amino acids are processed.

A: Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules in living systems. It plays role in structural,…

Q: Explain the amino–imino forms of cytosine and adenine ?

A: Watson and Crick showed a mechanism for the spontaneous occurrence of transitions. Some of the…

Q: Classify these amino acids as acidic, basic, neutral polar, or neutral nonpolar. Glutaminc Acid,…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen but there are other…

Q: Describe how pyrimidine nucleotides are synthesized

A: The nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides are classified as pyrimidines or purines. Pyrimidines are…

Q: Where in the cell does biosynthesis of amino acid occur?

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of biomolecules known as proteins. Amino acids are joined by…

Q: Name the enzyme responsible for removal of 5 – phosphate group from nucleic acid?

A: Nucleic acids are long chain compounds made of a series of identical building blocks called…

Q: Name the anabolic pathway that synthesizes fatty acids.

A: Fatty acid synthesis is the important anabolic pathway in most organisms which involves de novo…

Q: What is the purpose of lysine acetylation?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetically inherited nucleotide sequence by the progeny. The…

Q: Source of Alanine transaminase?

A: Introduction: The enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transaminase. It's also known as alanine…

Q: Which of the 20 “standard” amino acids are (a) purely glucogenic, (b) purely ketogenic, and (c) both…

A: Protein molecules consist of hundreds of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are built from…

Q: How many amino acids, commonly found in nature, are utilized for protein biosynthesis?

A: Proteins are polymers and are one of the most important macromolecules in all living organisms.…

Q: Must the amino acid residues in the active site be near each other along the polypeptide chain?…

A: The polypeptide chain is considered as the long sequence of amino acids, which exhibits amino acid…

Q: State the process of Determining the Amino Acid Sequence of a Peptide Using Partial Hydrolysis ?

A: Amino acid sequencing is the process of finding out the sequence of amino acid or protein. It may…

Q: Which process determines both the identity of the individual amino acids and the amount of each…

A: Amino acids are the monomers of the polypeptide chain. There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids…

Q: What are the seven metabolic products produced by the degradation of the standard amino acids?

A: Amino acids are small organic compounds which interconnect with each other to form proteins. They…

Q: What is the mechanism by which the critical amino acid residues catalyze the reaction?

A: The reaction of chymotrypsin with their substrate takes place in two stages.

Q: Differentiate between ketogenic amino acids and glucogenic amino acids

A: Amino acids are the organic acids that contain a single alpha carbon to which different substituents…

Q: What is an activated amino acid?

A: During the process of translation of proteins, in the presence of ATP, an amino acid is combined…

Q: In the context of protein synthesis, what is meant by an activated amino acid?

A: Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It directed by the nucleus, the…

Q: Describe the role of feedback inhibition in controlling amino acid synthesis

A: Amino acids are the basic units that makeup proteins. Amino acids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen,…

Q: Which three amino acids are substrates or products of serine hydroxymethyltransferase?

A: Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a member of the fold type I family of vitamin B6-dependent…

Q: Explain the factors of aminoacylation of Trna?

A: During the first stage of protein synthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases esterify the 20 amino acids…

Q: Which of the 20 amino acids can be synthesized directly from a common metabolic intermediate by a…

A: Transamination is a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a keto acid to form new amino…

Q: PLEASE DESCRIBE pKa, pK1, pK2, and pKI, as they relate to amino acid dissociation in solution?

A: Amino acids are most important biomolecules as protein themselves participate in most of the…

Q: Describe the types of enzymatic reactions that occur during the synthesis of N-linked…

A: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrate molecules, which are complex units of monosaccharides, which are…

Q: How the amino acid tryptophan can be synthesized ?

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen but there are other…

Q: Define essential and nonessential amino acids, and describe the general scheme of amino acid…

A: Essential amino acids : Those amino acids which are obtained from the food. Essential amino acid…

Q: What is a glucogenic amino acid? Give three examples.

A: The Fate of carbons in amino acid degradation involves in the classification of amino acids into two…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.