In a decision problem under uncertainty where Return-On-Investment (ROI) is the objective pursued, valid decision criteria are (check all that applies) (a) Maximin Regret (b) Minimin (c) Maximax (d) Minimax.
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In a decision problem under uncertainty where Return-On-Investment (
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- The model in Example 9.3 has only two market outcomes, good and bad, and two corresponding predictions, good and bad. Modify the decision tree by allowing three outcomes and three predictions: good, fair, and bad. You can change the inputs to the model (monetary values and probabilities) in any reasonable way you like. Then you will also have to modify the Bayes rule calculations. You can decide whether it is easier to modify the existing tree or start from scratch with a new tree.A graph that helps decision makers use probability theory by showing the expected values of decisions in varying circumstances is known as a(n) a. Gantt chart b. probability curve c. bar graph d. decision tree In the rational model of decision making, evaluation of alternatives a. is the last step. b. should be as objective as possible. c. can only be done with the help of a decision tree. d. is the only step that requires subjective rationalityAn optimistic decision-making criterion is sometimes called: a. equally like criterion b. decision making under certainty c. maximin criterion d. maximax criterion
- 1) A decision maker using an exponential utility function would prefer a random payoff with an expected value of X to a certain payoff of X. True False 2) In a decision tree, a circular node indicates a point where a random event occurs. True False 3) The optimistic and conservative approaches to decision making will always give the same result. True FalseSelect the least accurate statement. A) The expected monetary value (EMV) criterion represents the long-run average of uncertain outcomes, so it should only be used for recurring decisions. b) For each possible decision and each possible outcome, the payoff table lists the associated monetary value. c)The certainty equivalent is the certain dollar amount a risk-averse decision maker would accept in order to avoid a gamble altogether. D) For a risk-averse decision maker, the certainty equivalent is less than the expected monetary value (EMV).Answer A.2 a-e a-c is in the picture here is d and e d) What is the qually likely decision? e) Develop a decision tree. Assume each outcome is equally likely, then find the highest EMV.
- 2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,00 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 0You often hear about the trade-off between risk and reward. Is this trade-off part of decision making under uncertainty when the decision maker uses theEMV criterion? For example, how does this work in investment decisions?Select the least accurate statement regarding capabilities and features of PrecisionTree. a) Can generate a decision tree. b) Can allow different input values to be random, simulating the randomness over many trials. c) Can compute expected utility of the optimal decision path. d) Can identify the optimal sequence of decisions. e) Can compute expected profit of the optimal decision path.
- Your company must decide whether to introduce a new product. The sales of the product will be either at a high (success) or low (failure) level. The conditional value for this decision is as follows Decision High Low Introduce $4,000,000 -$2,000,000 Do Not Introduce 0 0 Probability 0.3 0.7 You have the option to conduct a market survey to sharpen you market demand estimate. The survey costs $200,000. The survey provides incomplete information about the sales, with three possible outcomes: (1) predicts high sales, (2) predicts low sales, or (3) inconclusive. Such surveys have in the past provided these results Result High Low Predicts High 0.4 0.1 Inconclusive 0.4 0.5 Predicts Low 0.2 0.4 c) Draw the complete decision tree, including the survey option. Explain where the values on the decision tree come from1. Discuss the process you would employ to develop a suitable balanced scorecard for a tourist site organization and give examples of measures that would be incorporated within it. 2. Discuss how break even analysis can aid management in decision-making. 3. Discuss the practical difficulties associated with the use of breakeven analysis by managers in decision-making.3. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.4), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. Show the work on excel file. SIZE OF FIRST STATION GOOD MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET ($) ($) ($) Small 50,000 20,000 -10,000 Medium 80,000 30,000 -20,000 Large 100,000 30,000 -40,000 Very large 300,000 25,000 -160,000