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- Some scientists are trying to engineer bacteriophageto treat bacterial infections in humans when theinfections do not respond to chemical antibiotics.a. What possible advantages might phage therapyhave over antibiotic therapy?b. Describe potential difficulties that would need tobe overcome for phage therapy to succeed.c. How might researchers best confront the issue thatbacterial cells could become resistant to bacteriophage just as they could to antibiotics?in Cohen-Boyer's recombinant DNA procedure _______ must be used for both the bacterial DNA and the amphibian DNA _______. a. the same restrictions enzyme, so that the the restriction site are identical in the DNA of each species b. different restriction enzymes, so that the genes outside the restriction site are maintained c. the same restriction enzymes, to ensure that the newly formed DNA can replicate d. different restriction enzymes, to ensure that the newly introducted genes are maintained in the bacterial DNAA linear DNA fragment was produced by digestion with the restriction enzyme, Xba1. This fragment with XbaI(X) sites on both ends was then further digested with HindIII (H) and EcoRI (E). Draw a restriction map of the linear fragment based on the gel electrophoresis results shown below. X H Marker E H/E __2000bp __ __1500b __1300bp __ __ __1000bp __ __700bp __ __500bp __400bp __300bp __ __200bp __ __ __100bp
- Which of the following would you need to clone a goat? Choose all that apply a) A restriction enzyme b) A surrogate mother c) A plasmid vector (or other type of DNA vector, e.g. phage, BAC) d) A donor goat nucleus e) Human DNA f) DNA ligase g) An enucleated eggWhich of the enzymes from the following list wouldyou need to make a recombinant DNA molecule? Whatis the function of those enzyme(s) in the process?a. DNA polymeraseb. RNA polymerasec. A restriction enzymed. DNA ligasee. An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetasef. Peptidyl transferaseg. Reverse transcriptase1- A genetic analysis of a bacterium reveals the presence of viral DNA. The most probable way this happened was through (a)mutation (b) conjugation (c)transduction (d)transposons (e)transformation 2- Which statemere is tobe regarding GEMC (a)typical cloning vectors involbe plasmids and viruses (b)eukaryotic genes may only be introduced and expressed in eukaryotic microbes such as yeasts (c)horizontal gene transfer methods may be manipulated to introduce new genes (d) expressions of introduced genes can be monitored through the use of marker genes. (e)it is possible for multiple genes may be added to microbes from other sources . plz give answer for both questions asap please
- For each of the restriction enzymes listed below:(i) Approximately how many restriction fragmentswould result from digestion of the human genome(3 × 109bases) with the enzyme? (ii) Estimate theaverage size of the pieces of the human genomeproduced by digestion with the enzyme. (iii) Statewhether the fragments of human DNA produced bydigestion with the given restriction enzyme wouldhave sticky ends with a 5′ overhang, sticky endswith a 3′ overhang, or blunt ends. (iv) If the enzymeproduces sticky ends, would all the overhangs on allthe ends produced on all fragments of the humangenome with that enzyme be identical, or not? (Therecognition sequence on one strand for each enzymeis given in parentheses, with the 5′ end written atthe left. N means any of the four nucleotides; R is any purine—that is, A or G; and Y is any pyrimidine—that is, C or T. ^ marks the site of cleavage.)a. Sau3A (^GATC)b. BamHI (G^GATCC)c. HpaII (C^CGG)d. SphI (GCATG^C)e. NaeI (GCC^GGC)f. BanI (G^GYRCC)g. BstYI…As you learned in this chapter,restriction enzymes are sophisticated“scissors” that geneticistsand molecular biologists routinelyuse to cut DNA for recombinant DNAexperiments. A wide variety of onlinetools assist scientists working with restrictionenzymes and manipulating recombinantDNA for different applications. Herewe explore Webcutter and Primer3, twosites that make recombinant DNA experimentsmuch easier.Exercise I – Creating a RestrictionMap in WebcutterSuppose you had cloned and sequenceda gene and you wanted to design a probeapproximately 600 bp long that could beused to analyze expression of this gene indifferent human tissues by Northern blotanalysis. Internet sites such as Webcuttermake it relatively easy to design experimentsfor manipulating recombinant DNA.In this exercise, you will use Webcutter tocreate a restriction map of human DNAwith the enzymes EcoRI, BamHI, and PstI.1. Access Webcutter at http://www.firstmarket.com/cutter/cut2.html.Go to the Study Area for…After a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), agarose gel electrophoresis is often used to: a. amplify the DNA. b. convert cDNA into genomic DNA. c. convert cDNA into messenger RNA. d. verify that the desired DNA sequence has been amplified. e. synthesize primer DNA molecules.
- n gel electrophoresis of DNA, the different bands in the final gel form because the DNA molecules _______. a. are from different organisms b. have different lengths c. have different nucleotide compositions d. have different genesPut the following tasks in the order they would occur during a DNA cloning experiment. a. using DNA ligase to seal DNA fragments into vectors b. using a probe to identify a clone in the library c. sequencing the DNA of the clone d. making a DNA library of clones e. cutting genomic DNA with restriction enzymesDNA molecular with complementary sticky ends associate by (a) covalent bonds (b) hydrogen bonds (c) ionic bonds (d) disulfide bonds (e) phosphodiester linkages
