Answered: In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient…

In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter5: Capturing And Releasing Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CT: How is the function of the thylakoid membrane similar to that of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

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Concept explainers

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.

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In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.

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A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria. Suggest a reason why. Hint: Ions can move across the thylakoid membrane moreeasily than across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Transport across the inner membrane of chloroplasts depends on the proton gradient established during ATP synthesis, similar to mitochondria. Can someone explain why this statement is false?
Thylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to equilibrate the pH. After 30 minutes, the thylakoids were transferred to a basic solution (pH 8) and kept in the dark. Will this system produce ATP? Explain. Will this system produce G3P? Explain.
in mitochondria, the electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. in what direction are protons pumped by the electron transport chain in chloroplasts?
In chloroplasts, protons are pumped out of thestroma across the thylakoid membrane, whereas in mito-chondria, they are pumped out of the matrix across thecrista membrane. Explain how this arrangement allowschloroplasts to generate a larger proton gradient acrossthe thylakoid membrane than mitochondria can generateacross the inner membrane.
It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the mitochondrial membrane at the various stages of electron transport.Would you expect to encounter difficulties in determining thenumber of protons pumped in electron transport across the thylakoid membrane? Why or why not?
What type of ATPase would be found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast?
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Unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts do not have a transporter that allows them to export ATP to the cytosol. How, then, do plant cells obtain the ATP that they need to carry out energy- requiring metabolic reactions in the cytosol?
When electron gradients are created in photosythesis and cellular respiration, the electrons are attatched to a proton, so why does it still have a negative charge?
To reduce six molecules of carbon dioxide to one molecule of glucose via photosynthesis, how many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required?