Answered: Transport across the inner membrane of…

Transport across the inner membrane of chloroplasts depends on the proton gradient established during ATP synthesis, similar to mitochondria. Can someone explain why this statement is false?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter21: Photosynthesis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5P: The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If...

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Concept explainers

Photosynthesis

Plants have a capacity that we humans can only imagine— the ability to produce food from sunlight. Sure, we can prepare some dishes that we can savor on, but it become possible because of the plants (as they serve as a producers of all the raw materials required). Photosynthesis is the method of assembling carbohydrates with the aid of sunlight.

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Transport across the inner membrane of chloroplasts depends on the proton gradient established during ATP synthesis, similar to mitochondria. Can someone explain why this statement is false?

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The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)
in mitochondria, the electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. in what direction are protons pumped by the electron transport chain in chloroplasts?
In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.
When researchers shifted isolated chloroplasts from a low pH solution to a more alkaline (higher pH) solution, ATP synthesis occurred even in the absence of light! This was an experiment used to support the chemiosmosis mechanism of ATP formation in chloroplasts. Why?
What type of ATPase would be found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast?
A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria. Suggest a reason why. Hint: Ions can move across the thylakoid membrane moreeasily than across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
In chloroplasts, protons are pumped out of thestroma across the thylakoid membrane, whereas in mito-chondria, they are pumped out of the matrix across thecrista membrane. Explain how this arrangement allowschloroplasts to generate a larger proton gradient acrossthe thylakoid membrane than mitochondria can generateacross the inner membrane.
What are the major similarities and differences between ATP synthesis in chloroplasts, as compared with mitochondria?
Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma but the photosystems and membrane proteins of the electron transport chain are unharmed. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following processes?
For the following questions, choose one to discuss: chloroplast/photosynthesis State at the outset which one you will discuss. A) What role do proton gradients play in the process of photosynthesis proton gradients allow B) Where are proton gradients formed? Within what structures are they seen in chloroplasts How do the structures help them to maintain a gradient? C) Explain where and how the chloroplast or mitochondria uses passive transport and active transport to complete photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
What is photophosphorylation by oxidative phosphorylation? Explain by comparison.
When electrons are removed from water, protons are liberated. Does this occur in the stroma or inside the thylakoid lumen? Can protons move directly across the membrane? Describe the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis in chloroplasts.