In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below. Location of Wolf Pack % Males (Winter) % Males (Summer) Finland 88 57 Finland 62 59 Finland Lapland Lapland 70 69 55 48 64 55 Russia 50 50 Russia Russia 41 50 55 45 It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Let d = winter - summer.) (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. will you use a left-talled, right-tailed, or two-tailed test? O Họ: Ha - 0; H: Mg > 0; right-tailed O Ho: Ma- 0; H: Hg 0; two-tailed O Ho: Ha > 0; H: Hg- 0; right-tailed O Họ: Ha - 0; H: Mg < 0; left-tailed (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. O P-value > 0.250 O 0.125 < P-value < 0.250 O 0.050 < P-value < 0.125 O 0.025 < P-value < 0.050 O 0.005 < P-value < 0.025 O P-value < 0.005

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Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.4: Distributions Of Data
Problem 19PFA
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In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest
d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer.
In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and
foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below.
Location of Wolf Pack
% Males (Winter)
% Males (Summer)
57
Finland
88
Finland
62
59
Finland
70
69
Lapland
Lapland
Russia
55
48
64
55
50
50
Russia
41
50
Russia
55
45
It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim
that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Let d = winter - summer.)
(a) What is the level of significance?
State the null and alternate hypotheses. Will you use a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?
O Ho: Ha = 0; H: Ha > 0; right-tailed
O Ho: Ha = 0; H: Hg 0; two-tailed
O Ho: Ha > 0; H: Ha = 0; right-tailed
O Hạ: Ha = 0; H: Mg < 0; left-tailed
(b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?
The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution.
O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution.
O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution.
O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution.
What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
(c) Find (or estimate) the P-value.
O P-value > 0.250
O 0.125 < P-value < 0.250
O 0.050 < P-value < 0.125
O 0.025 < P-value < 0.050
O 0.005 < P-value < 0.025
O P-value < 0.005
Transcribed Image Text:In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer. In environmental studies, sex ratios are of great importance. Wolf society, packs, and ecology have been studied extensively at different locations in the U.S. and foreign countries. Sex ratios for eight study sites in northern Europe are shown below. Location of Wolf Pack % Males (Winter) % Males (Summer) 57 Finland 88 Finland 62 59 Finland 70 69 Lapland Lapland Russia 55 48 64 55 50 50 Russia 41 50 Russia 55 45 It is hypothesized that in winter, "loner" males (not present in summer packs) join the pack to increase survival rate. Use a 5% level of significance to test the claim that the average percentage of males in a wolf pack is higher in winter. (Let d = winter - summer.) (a) What is the level of significance? State the null and alternate hypotheses. Will you use a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test? O Ho: Ha = 0; H: Ha > 0; right-tailed O Ho: Ha = 0; H: Hg 0; two-tailed O Ho: Ha > 0; H: Ha = 0; right-tailed O Hạ: Ha = 0; H: Mg < 0; left-tailed (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. O The Student's t. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately normal distribution. O The standard normal. We assume that d has an approximately uniform distribution. What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. O P-value > 0.250 O 0.125 < P-value < 0.250 O 0.050 < P-value < 0.125 O 0.025 < P-value < 0.050 O 0.005 < P-value < 0.025 O P-value < 0.005
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