In gluconeogenesis, only the carbon skeletons of amino acids, not fatty acids, are utilised. So how does fatty acid oxidation in the liver produce brain fuel? Describe the substances and routes involved.
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In gluconeogenesis, only the carbon skeletons of amino acids, not fatty acids, are utilised. So how does fatty acid oxidation in the liver produce brain fuel? Describe the substances and routes involved.
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- Only the carbon skeleton of amino acids is used in gluconeogenesis but not fatty acids. How can fatty acid oxidation in the liver then provide fuel for the brain? Explain the pathways and compounds involvedOnly carbon skeleton of amino acids are used in glucogeneogenesis but not fatty acids. How can fatty acid oxidation in the liver then provide fuel for the brain ? Explain the pathways and compounds involvedHow many acetyl CoA molecules can be produced during the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?
- Why are the enzymes α-Amylase and α-glucosidase active in a patient with hyperglycemia or diabetes? How do they become activated?Why is it advantageous for the liver to have both hexokinase and glucokinase to phosphorylate glucose?What structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?
- How many ATP will be broken down in the complete β-oxidation of this fatty acid?How would the rapid accumulation of succinyl-CoA affect the rate of glucose oxidation?Which of the following statements about the "central role" of TCA is/are correct? a. Some metabolic intermediates of TCA are used as non-carbohydrate sources for gluconeogenesis. b. β-oxidation of lipids produces acetyl-CoA that can enter TCA. c. All metabolic intermediates in TCA are used in the biosynthesis of amino acids. d. Degraded amino acids are converted to metabolic intermediates of TCA, then to ketone bodies.
- What impact would an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate have on fatty acid synthesis? Justify your response succinctly.Ketone bodies are exported from liver for use by other tissues. Because many tissues can synthesize ketone bodies, what enzymatic property of liver might contribute to its special ability to export these compounds?Explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation) metabolism in terms of producing an acetyl-coA that will enter the Kreb cycle?