Choose the false statement Choose the false statement:O In order to provide enough diversity to meet the demands of natural selection, it is critical thatDNA polymerase make some errors creating changes in the genetic code.O In order to preserve the instructional code for a species from one generation to the next it ismost critical that DNA polymerase work with high fidelity.O Evolutionarily, the alterations of biological processes over time is as a result of environmentalfactors altering the structure of ribonucleic acids which then produce altered proteins andaltered function that persists in the offspring of an organism.Question 5Choose the false statement:O In transcription, covalent bonds are created because of RNA polymerase; some hydrogenbonding may also occur introducing folds that generate more interesting structure like that seenin TRNA.O All three DNA related processes (replication, transcription and translation), rely on the particularpairing of complementary nucleotides (or nitrogenous bases).O For a given gene, only transcription of one of the two DNA strands will yield a meaningful MRNAtranscript. Colonies of pathogenicbacteria isolated fromdead mouseColonies of harmlessbacteriaNo colonies isolatedfrom mouseColonies of harmlessand pathogenic bacteriaisolated from dead mouseIn Griffith's experiment shown above, a sample containing the remains of dead virulentbacteria was combined with a live non-virulent strain. The live bacteria were theninjected into mice, and the mice died of infection. Choose the false statement in regardto this experiment:O This showed that bacteria can acquire genes from the environment.O This is known as transformation because a genetic trait is being moved from one organism toanother.O The trait being transferred was the production of a flagella; non-pathogenic bacteria were non-motile and therefore unable to evade the mouse immune system.O This process does not occur in an intragenic manner.

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In Griffith's experiment shown above, a sample containing the remains of dead virulent bacteria was combined with a live non-virulent strain. The live bacteria were then injected into mice, and the mice died of infection. Choose the false statement in regard to this experiment: O This showed that bacteria can acquire genes from the environment. O This is known as transformation because a genetic trait is being moved from one organism to another. O The trait being transferred was the production of a flagella; non-pathogenic bacteria were non- motile and therefore unable to evade the mouse immune system. O This process does not occur in an intragenic manner.

In Griffith's experiment shown above, a sample containing the remains of dead virulent bacteria was combined with a live non-virulent strain. The live bacteria were then injected into mice, and the mice died of infection. Choose the false statement in regard to this experiment: O This showed that bacteria can acquire genes from the environment. O This is known as transformation because a genetic trait is being moved from one organism to another. O The trait being transferred was the production of a flagella; non-pathogenic bacteria were non- motile and therefore unable to evade the mouse immune system. O This process does not occur in an intragenic manner.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter18: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14TYU: EVOLUTION LINK Write short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements: (a) Natural...

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How did Spiegelman et al.' s experiments in 1967 & 1970 on the origins of natural selection provide evidence for natural selection in an RNA-based world? A) The starting RNA strand was originally ~4,000 nucleotides; after several serial transfers it was reduced to ~200 nucleotides as a result of faster replication of shorter sequences being advantageous and selected for. B) The starting RNA strand was originally ~4,000; after several serial transfers and the introduction of additional RNA molecules it increased to ~20,000 nucleotides as a result of hybridization with the longer RNA molecules having outcompeted shorter RNA strands. C) The RNA remained at approximately is original sequence of ~4,000 nucleotides, demonstrating fitness in a stable environment. D) These experiments did not demonstrate natural selection.
You compare two strands of mtDNA and discover that there are 3 differences in base pairs between them. Assuming that the mutation rate for the species that you are examining is 1 mutation every 20,000 years, how long ago did the two strands share a common ancestor? Write your answer in xxx,xxx format. These two strands shared a common ancestor _____________ years ago.
In general, which of the following is expected to exhibit the lowest rate of evolutionarychange?a. Synonymous changes in amino acid–coding regions of exonsb. Nonsynonymous changes in amino acid–coding regions of exonsc. Intronsd. Pseudogenes
Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineageis significantly higher than in the human lineage. Theserate differences are apparent whether one looks at changesin nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are sub-ject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucle-otide sequences, which are not under obvious selectionpressure. Can you offer one or more possible explanationsfor the slower rate of evolutionary change in the humanlineage versus the rat lineage?
There are 27 sequences from 27 individuals belonging to an unidentified group of organisms. Eleven (11) sequences were mined from NCBI while the rest are unpublished sequences from Mindanao. Sequences labeled with "SSL" are from Agusan Marsh while sequences labeled with "CKL/CITLR" and "CWL" are from Camiguin Island and Dinagat Islands respectively. Finally, sequences labeled with "MSLA" are from Mt. Magdiwata. From the nucleotide results and generated phylogenetic tree below: a) What group of organisms is represented by the phylogenetic tree? b) Identify the source (species) of each sequence. c) How many species are present in the generated tree? d) What species is considered as the outgroup? e) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the sequences? f) Which specimen group is more closely related to "SSL"? CKL or MSLA? Justify your answer h) Based on the results, what possible species name can be assigned to the MSLA group?
Scientists conducted research to examine the evolutionary relationship between 10 bird species and an alligator species. They isolated the amounts of the dinucleotides cytosine and guanine found in the genomic DNA of each species. The graph shows the traditional taxonomic groups of the bird species used and the average percentage of dinucleotides in their DNA. Which of the following statements is best supported by the DNA evidence? A - Gamebirds likely evolved after non-perching birds. B - A bird’s ability to fly may be linked to its dinucleotide percentage. C - The dinucleotide percentages demonstrate coevolution of all species. D - Non-perching birds are more similar genetically to alligators than flightless birds.
Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA (S. A. Frank and L. D. Hurst. 1996. Nature 383:224). Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.
By comparing DNA sequence of a specific gene, we can determine the evolutionary relationship of two organisms. Based on the sequence listed below, which two species would you expect to be more closely related? Organism No.1 with ATG CAA TAC GCC, organism No. 2 with ATG CAT GAC ACC and organims No. 3 with ATG CAT TAC GCC A. Organims No.2 and No.3 are likely more closely related. b.Organims No.1 and No.2 are likely more closely related. c.Organims No 1 and No.3 are likely more closely related.
Cat DNA is much more similar to dog DNA than to tortoise DNA. Why? (a) Cats and dogs are both carnivores and take in similar nutrients. (b) Cats and dogs have lived together with humans for a long period of time, so they have grown more similar. (c) Cats and dogs have more offspring during their lifetime than tortoises have, so their DNA changes less rapidly. (d) Cats and dogs have a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of cats and tortoises.
Which of the chemical facts about DNA in different species that were discovered by Chargaff (“Chargaff”s rules”) might have helped persuade these biologists that the DNA molecule can generate considerable genetic diversity between different species?
. a. If you found a zinc-finger domain (which facilitates DNA binding) in a newly identified gene,what kinds of hypotheses could you make aboutthe gene’s function?b. Suppose that this newly identified gene shares ahigh percentage of similarity throughout its lengthwith a previously characterized gene in the sameorganism. What does this fact suggest about the origin of the two genes? Would you categorize thesegenes as being: (i) homologous, (ii) paralogous, or(iii) orthologous? (More than one answer may apply.)
Which of the following species would be expected to form a hybrid double-stranded DNA molecule, at the highest temperatures, when their DNA is mixed with the DNA of humans? the common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) the agile gibbon (Hylobates agilis) the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) the olive baboon (Papio anubis) the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) The evolution of the tetraploid South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis from the diploid tropical toad Xenopus tropicalis (in a single generation) is most likely: the result of a single chromosomal duplication the result of a single chromosomal deletion the result of a single gene duplication the result of a complete genome deletion the result of a complete genome duplication