In Salop’s model of entry deterrence, the unconstrained monopoly earns profits (in present value terms) equal to some amount v0. Suppose v0 = 100. If entry were to occur, the two firms would share the market, each earning v1. (A) Why do we expect 2 v1 to be less than 100 ? (B) The incumbent monopoly can prevent entry by expending a fixed and irreversible amount C that the entrant must match. What conditions on the size of C will both successfully prevent entry, and equally importantly, result in greater profit for the incumbent than by allowing entry?
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In Salop’s model of entry deterrence, the unconstrained
(A) Why do we expect 2 v1 to be less than 100 ?
(B) The incumbent monopoly can prevent entry by expending a fixed and irreversible amount C that the entrant must match. What conditions on the size of C will both successfully prevent entry, and equally importantly, result in greater profit for the incumbent than by allowing entry?
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- Consider a buyer who, in the upcoming month, will make a decision about whether to purchase a good from a monopoly seller. The seller “advertises” that it offers a high-quality product (and the price that it has set is based on that claim). However, by substituting low-quality components for higher-quality ones, the seller can reduce the quality of the product it sells to the buyer, and in so doing, the seller can lower the variable and fixed costs of making the product. The product quality is not observable to the buyer at the time of purchase, and so the buyer cannot tell, at that point, whether he is getting a high-quality or a low-quality good. Only after he begins to use the product does the buyer learn the quality of the good he has purchased. The payoffs that accrue to the buyer and seller from this encounter are as follows: The buyer’s payoff (consumer surplus) is listed first; the seller’s payoff (profit) is listed second. Answer each of the…Three firms with identical marginal cost of 30 compete in a market with inverse demand of P = 50 - 8Q. If the firms behave as the Cournot model suggests, what is the pass through rate for a change in marginal cost?The Tourist-Trap model describes a situation where the existence of a search cost, c, and price ignorance of buyers lead to an equilibrium in which all sellers practice the monopoly price. This result holds... (a) ... only when the number of sellers is small (b) ... only when search costs are high (c) ... for any search cost c > 0 (d) ... even when buyers can buy repeatedly at the same location thus gradually learning the prices practiced by other sellers
- Q2.1 In the second round with two buyers remaining, the probability that a buyer with valuation v wins is vN-1, where N is the number of buyers in the first round. Use the revenue equivalence theorem to derive the symmetric equilibrium bidding function b(v) for the buyers in stage two. Show your work. Q2.2 At the end of the auction what is the value of the actual (not expected) revenue that the seller receives? Round your answer to at least three decimal spaces.Are these statements true or false? Provide a detailed explanation as to how you arrived at your answer: 1. If someone has linear indifference curves between contingent commodity bundles, then they must be risk averse and the risk premium is positive. 2. If a game has a Pareto efficient outcome, there exists a Nash equilibrium that leads to this outcome. 3. If a quantity tax is imposed on a profit maximising monopolist, consumer bear a higher burden of the tax than producers.Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport (YNG) has had a difficult time securing passenger service from a commercial airline. a.) A few years ago, the Port Authority offered an incentive to United with guaranteed revenue equal to approximately $1.5 million, but United declined saying it was not sufficient. Suppose United anticipated that it would cost $1 million to offer flights from Youngstown, so with a guaranteed revenue of $1.5 million, their anticipated profit would equal $500,000. Given that they still chose to decline offering service from YNG, what do you know must be true? Put this in terms of implicit costs and economic profit. b.) In 2019, YNG’s only commercial carrier, Allegiant Air stopped offering service from YNG, despite the fact that it was known to be profitable. Allegiant Air’s service from YNG was known to be profitable. Why would Allegiant Air pull service from YNG even if it had been their service from YNG had been generating a profit? Note, Allegiant started…
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- You are the manager of a golf course. For simplicity assume that you only have two potential customers – a high demand customer whose inverse demand for golf services is given by P = 10 – 0.5Q and a low demand customer whose inverse demand for golf services is given by P = 8 – 0.5Q. Suppose the marginal cost to the golf course of each round of golf is zero.Suppose you have to charge both players the same two-part pricing strategy. Which of the following pricing strategies will yield the highest profit for you? A. Charge a fixed fee of €100 and a per unit fee of zero B. Charge a fixed fee of €64 and a per unit fee of zero C. Charge a fixed fee of €64 and a per unit fee of €4 D. Charge a fixed fee of €128 and a fixed fee of zero.1. Consider an industry with inverse demand given by p = 8 – q, where p is the price, and q is the quantity. There is one incumbent firm and one potential entrant. In the first stage of the game, the incumbent chooses its quantity qi. In the second stage, the potential entrant observes qi and chooses its quantity Ce. The potential entrant can also decide not to enter the market. The production technology of both firms are represented by the cost function C = 2q. To enter industry implies a fixed entry cost of F. (a) Find the equilibrium of the game, assuming that the potential entrant enters the industry. What are the profits of firms? (b) Assume that entry is not blockaded. For which values of F does the incumbent firm prefer to deter entry? (c) For which values of F, entry blockaded?Typically the model of Monopoly predicts that all customers are charged the same price and that the monopolist selects the quantity and price combination from the market demand curve that maximizes profit. However, there are times where a monopolist may at least attempt to charge different prices for the exact same product depending on each consumer's willingness and ability to pay. In this case the monopolist might offer the product at a lower price to those who would otherwise not buy it, thus increasing quantity consumed in the market and reducing some of what is called the dead weight loss of monopoly. However, much of what is called "consumer surplus" is transferred to the monopolist as profit.