In the complete absence of light, a rod will become strongly depolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly depolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters None of these

In the complete absence of light, a rod will become strongly depolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly depolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters None of these

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2SQE

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When light strikes a photoreceptor, it reduces the amount of glutamate that it releases. This releases ___ cells from inhibition, allowing them to release more neurotransmitters and excite ___ cells. This produces action potentials that travel down the optic nerve. A) horizontal; amacrine B) amacrine; horizontal C) ganglion; bipolar D) bipolar; ganglion
Input . a) light b) odorant c)sweet molecule d) epinenphrine Result 1.sensory cell depolarizes 2. sensory cell hyperpolarizes 3. no effect on sensory cell membrane potential
The dissociation of rhodopsin in the rods in response to light causes a.the Na+ channels to become blocked. b.the rods to secrete less neurotransmitter. c.the bipolar cells to become either stimulated or inhibited. d.all of these.
Given these events:(1) Bipolar cells depolarize.(2) Glutamate release from presynaptic terminals of photoreceptorcells decreases.(3) Light strikes photoreceptor cells.(4) Photoreceptor cells are depolarized.(5) Photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized.Choose the arrangement that lists the correct order of events, startingwith the photoreceptor cells in the resting, nonactivated state.a. 1,2,3,4,5 b. 2,4,3,5,1 c. 3,4,2,5,1 d. 4,3,5,2,1 e. 5,3,4,1,2
When light hits the center of an ON-center receptive field, which of the following processes occur: a. Photoreceptors release more glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; retinal ganglion cells decrease rate of APs. b. Photoreceptors release less glutamate; bipolar cells release less glutamate; retinal ganglion cells decrease rate of APs. c. Photoreceptors release less glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; retinal ganglion cells increase rate of APs. d. Photoreceptors release more glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; ganglion cells increase rate of APs.
Slowly adapting receptors differ from rapidly adapting receptors in :-a- stopping to discharge after a relatively longer period of constant stimulationb- detecting the dynamic properties of stimulic- detecting velocity of stimulid- generating receptor potentials as long as stimulus is applied.
In vision, The sympathetic system stimulates the ciliary muscle to contract resulting in decreased tension of zonal fibers on the lens Astigmatism occurs as a result of an eye that is too long Rods release more neurotransmitter when transducin is not activated by the dissociation of retinal and opsin Rods are concentrated in the fovea
Once initiated, the receptor potential :-a- spreads to a long distance along the sensory nerve fiberb- amplitude is not related to the strength of the stimulusc- always generates an action potential from the receptord- stays for a variable period depending on the type of the receptor
In complete darkness, why are there no neural signals being sent to the brain by the retinal ganglion cells? A. glutamate release from rods stimulates the retinal ganglion cells B. glutamate release from rods stimulates bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cells C. glutamate release from rods is reduced which then fails to excite retinal ganglion cells D. glutamate release from rods inhibits the bipolar cells which then inhibit retinal ganglion cells
1. This question asks you about a typical neuron and NOT photoreceptors. As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron USUALLY shows the amplitude of the action potential increases. the amplitude of the action potential decreases. the amplitude of the action potential may increase or decrease, depending on the stimulus. the rate of firing of the nerve fiber increases. 2. An inhibitory transmitter _______ the firing rate of a neuron and an excitatory transmitter ________ the firing rate. increases; decreases increases; increases decreases; decreases decreases; increases
A device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is a. reading. b. in a dark room. c. outside in sunlight. d. in a brightly lit auditorium. e. focusing on a distant object.
Certain cells in the retina respond differently to the direction in which objects move. To understand how cells in the retina respond to different visual stimuli, the activity of a retinal ganglion cell was measured while a square moved across its visual field. Which statement best explains the increases in voltage during the periodic spikes? A. Depolarization of a neuron past a threshold voltage causes sodium channels to close. B. Depolarization of a neuron past a threshold voltage causes sodium channels to open. C. Depolarization of a neuron past a threshold voltage causes potassium channels to close. D. Depolarization of a neuron past a threshold voltage causes potassium channels to open.