In the context of two way chi square, variables are independent or not associated if what?

Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
13th Edition
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Swokowski
Chapter1: Fundamental Concepts Of Algebra
Section1.1: Real Numbers
Problem 40E
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In the context of two way chi square, variables are independent or not associated if what?

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