In the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester, a. what species could be represented by HB+? b. what species could be represented by :B? c. what species is HB+ most likely to be in the hydrolysis reaction? d. what species is HB+ most likely to be in the reverse reaction?

In the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester, a. what species could be represented by HB+? b. what species could be represented by :B? c. what species is HB+ most likely to be in the hydrolysis reaction? d. what species is HB+ most likely to be in the reverse reaction?

Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry

2nd Edition

ISBN:9780618974122

Author:Andrei Straumanis

Publisher:Andrei Straumanis

Chapter25: Enolate & Enol Nucleophiles

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18E

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Draw the organic products of the reaction shown. Draw hydrogens on oxygen and nitrogen where…

A: Imine on reaction with reaction HCl and water or acid hydrolysis gives the corresponding aldehyde or…

Q: 2. On the reactants, circle the nucleophilic and electrophilic atoms involved in the nucleophilic…

A: 2. A. Acid FG converted into carboxylic acid derivative. Carbonyl group of carboxylic acid…

Q: Which of the following is a correct factor influencing SN2 reactions? Having a chlorine on the alkyl…

A: Second option (2) Protic solvents decrease the speed of an SN2 reaction.

Q: 3.26 Which of the following are likely to behave as electrophiles and which as nucleophiles? (a) Cl-…

A: Answer Which of the following are likely to behave as electrophile…

Q: Draw the alkyl bromide for reaction 2. Select Draw Rings More Erase H Br Reagents Carboxylic Acid…

A: Reactant

Q: Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Select one: O a. Ethoxide is a better nucleophile…

Q: Consider the following SN2 reaction: Br + CN CN + Br acetone a. Draw a mechanism using curved…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: For each of the steps in Problem 7.26, determine whether the product can eliminate a leaving group…

A: Hi. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for you. If you…

Q: Which pathway is favored for the reaction of N2OCH3 with 1-bromonane? NaOCH3 Br A. SN1 B. SN2 С. Е2…

A: The reaction between 1-bromononane and NaOCH3 occurs as:

Q: When the rate constants for the hydrolysis of several morpholine enamines of para-substituted…

A: σ or substituent constant : electron-withdrawing substituents have positive substituent constants…

Q: OH `NH2 OCH3 CI 7. Which would be the least reactive to nucleophiles? 8. Which will react with SOCI2…

A: Acyl derivatives reacts with a variety of nucleophile and because the product cam depend on the…

Q: Fil in the blank with the reagents necessary to complete the synthesis shown Drag the appropriate…

Q: Chapter 22: Reactions & Synthesis Name: Propose a synthesis for 2-methylbutanoic acid starting from…

Q: In the top reaction, I imagine my reagent would be something like NaBH4 but for bottom reaction, in…

A: The compounds having (C=O) group like aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic, and esters are termed as…

Q: k* КОН, МеОН 0 °C, 1 h RT, 1 h 0 °C, 12 h MeCOCI (3 equiv) K* МеОн (2.4 М) 0 °C, 30 min Room Temp.,…

A: A condensation reaction is a combination of two or more molecules to give a single molecule with the…

Q: Which of the following reagents do not react with ketone carbonyls (Question 3)

A: Please find below the reactions taking place with each reagent

Q: The following Substitution Nucleophilic (SN) reaction could happen via a first order or second order…

A: Given : Reaction of ethylbromide with Hydroxide to form ethanol. To find : energy profile diagram…

Q: Drag and drop the appropriate reaction conditions over each arrow as appropriate. Keep in mind the…

Q: DBU (short for 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) is what is called a non-nucleophilic base because…

A: Number of functional group is associated with organic compounds which impart specific chemical and…

Q: HO2C CH2N2 H H Me., Me Et20 90 & (4 steps) Me., Me Me Me

A: Diazomethane (CH2N2) reacts with carboxylic acid to form methyl ester. CH2N2 abstracts proton from…

Q: 1. For each of the following molecules, put a box around the nucleophilic atom(s). MgBr S H.

Q: Nucleophilic/basic attack in the presence of multiple places that could react, can you selectively…

Q: Draw the final product of this series of reactions. Br 1. 1 equivalent of KOtBu 2. MCPBA 3. H3O*/H2O

A: The reaction given is,

Q: 1. Which of these will undergo a rearrangement during the reaction 2. For reaction D - is HBr the…

A: Please see the attachment.

Q: Predict the product and draw the active electrophile for each reaction shown below. AICI3 AICI3 Y…

Q: A strong base is needed for El only. A) B) D) E2 only. both El and E2. D) neither El nor E2. Which…

A: -> Strong base favour E2 mechanism whereas E1 mechanism only require a weak base .

Q: 9. Provide the major dehydration product of the following reaction. Recall which of the four…

Q: 24. Which of the following bases would make an E2 reaction occur at the fastest rate? ONa KCI KBr SK…

A: E2 represents for biomolecular elimination reaction. This reaction is a one step process in which…

Q: A.3: Indicate the type of alkyl halide (1°, 2°,3°), the leaving group (Br or Cl'), and the relative…

Q: If you wanted to perform a substitution reaction with fluoride (F') as your nucleophile, which would…

A: We know that, F- is favourable for SN2 reaction.

Q: ОН Na2Cr207 H2SO4, H2O

Q: 25.ldentify the reagent that best completes the following reaction. HO d. H3PO4 a. NaOH e. HBr b.…

Q: Complete the mechanism for the electrophilic addition when the alkene is treated with water in acid.…

A: Introduction: An electrophilic addition reaction is the reaction in which an electrophile attack…

Q: - Answer the following questions. 2 H20 H30* CI- CI HO, a. Complete the mechanism below with the…

A: Missing intermediate:

Q: Draw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H. 1. PhMgBr 2. H3O*…

Q: 25. Determine whether the following reaction proceeds via an SN1 or an SN2 mechanism and product(s)…

Q: Answer the following questions. + 2 H20 + H3O* + CIF a. Complete the mechanism below with the…

Q: Shown in the figure is the synthesis of several compounds starting from an aldehyde. Identify the…

Q: Give two Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions that could be used to prepare 4-methoxybenzophenone. One…

Q: 5. Rank the following according to increasing reactivity (1- least reactive, 4 – most reactive in a…

A: The question is based on the concept of organic reactions. We have to identify the reactivity order…

Q: Draw the product that is formed when the compound shown below is treated with an excess of HCI. Draw…

A: When ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl), protonated alcohol is formed.

Q: 20:24 : E) 03 12. Fill in the box with the major organic product of the first step of the reaction…

Q: In the reaction of 1-iodopropane with the hydroxide ion in DMSO how will the rate of reaction change…

Q: Draw the product of the flowing steps. H. Pidentify mucleopbile 8 electhiophik. nudleophile:…

Q: Draw the products of the following ozonolysis reactions: 03 (1) Zn, HCI 03 (2) Zn, HCI ?+ ? ?

A: It is ozonolysis of alkene followed by Zn/HCl which gives aldehyde and ketone depending upon…

Q: 32. consider the following substitution reaction: Br CN NaCN DMSO + NaBr (a) Determine whether this…

Q: In the Gabriel synthesis of primary amines, N-potassiophthalimide is used as a source of the…

A: Here we have to write products formed in step-1 and step-2 in the following given Gabriel synthesis.…

Q: Complete the synthetic sequences by drawing products/substrates/reagents in empty spaces in…

A: Note: according to our guidelines we are supposed to answer only first three subparts. Kindly repost…

Q: • The synthesis of alpha enol derivatives is important since these compounds with appropriate…

A: Given : We have to show the following conversion .

Question

In the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester,

a. what species could be represented by HB⁺?

b. what species could be represented by :B?

c. what species is HB⁺ most likely to be in the hydrolysis reaction?

d. what species is HB⁺ most likely to be in the reverse reaction?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Step 3

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps with 1 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

1. What type of reaction is occuring in step 3? (halogenation, hydrohalogenation, reduction, keto–enol tautomerism, dehydrohalogenation, acid-catalyzed hydration, base-catalyzed hydration) 2. Which reagent is necessary for step 3? (Br2, HBr, H2/Pt, NaNH2, H20/H2SO4/HgSO4)
When the rate constants for the hydrolysis of several morpholine enamines of para-substituted propiophenones are determined at pH 4.7, the r value is positive; however, when the rates of hydrolysis are determined at pH 10.4, the r value is negative. a. What is the rate-determining step of the hydrolysis reaction when it is carried out in a basic solution? b. What is the rate-determining step of the hydrolysis reaction when it is carried out in an acidic solution?
For problem 8.17, all of the reactions will be SN2. For each reaction, identify and evaluate each nucleophile (strong? weak? Strong or weak as a base?) Also, evaluate each solvent as polar protic or polar aprotic. I recommend drawing the structure of each solvent. (d) Sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide (e) Sodium azide in aqueous ethanol (f) Sodium hydrogen sulfide in ethanol
Why are SN1 reactions favored by polar protic solvents? Group of answer choices Polar protic solvents stabilize reaction intermediates Polar protic solvents cannot form hydrogen bonds. Polar protic solvents contribute leaving groups. Polar protic solvents contribute leaving groups.
What direction does the nucleophile approach the substrate in an SN2 reaction?
True or false 1.Hydroxide is the good leaving group for SN2 reaction. 2.Iodide ion is the better leaving group than the bromide ion. 3.Ethyl bromide is the better substrate than t-butyl bromide for SN2 reactions. 4.water is the protic solvent. 5.Sn1 reactions take place in one single step.
select the most appropriate reagent(s) to effect the change. K2Cr2O7, H+ H2, Pd 1. Disiamylborane, 2. HO–, H2O, H2O2 NaOCl H2SO4, HgSO4
Match the questions with the correct descriptions below: Sn2, E2 E1cb Sn1, E1 (anti) E2, E1cb Sn1, E1 2 steps poor leaving group 2 carbons removed from a carbonyl group carbanion intermediate 3°>allylic, benzylic>2°>1°>CH₃ carbocation intermediate Ist order reaction (r=k[RX]) H-X anti no intermediate 2nd order reaction (r=k[RX][Nu]) polar aprotic solvent
Pleas explain how this process occurs. Identify SN1, SN2, E2, E1, nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Can you match best nucleophile / conditions that will give a successful hydrolysis reaction for each electrophile? 1. Acid chloride 2. Acetic anhydride 3. Ester 4. Amide a. LiAlH4; hydronium work-up b. PCC c. NaH d. CrO3 e. HOEt f. H3O+ or OH- g. H2O h. NaBH4;hydronium work-up
Draw the product of the reactions of succinic anhydride with each of the listed reagents. Assume in all cases that the reagent is present in excess and an aqueous workup takes place after each reaction. A. Reaction with (CH3)2CHOH. \table[[Select,Draw,Templates More,,],[/,//,I//,H,Erase]] B. Reaction with NH3. \table[[Select,Draw,tes More,Erase],[/,//,III,C,H,N,0]] Question Source: Vollhardt 7e0 Organic Chemistry: Structure And Function Publishęr: W. Freemar C. Reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide in THF, followed by H+,H2o. \table[[Select,Drav,v T,lates,,,Erase],[1,II,III,C,H,0,]] D. Reaction with LiAlH4 in ether, followed by H+,H2O \table[[Select,Draw,Templates More],[/,//,III]] \table[[3,0]] \table[[,2,Q
Why can you not use this reaction to make a secondary amine? a) Alkyl halides are weak electrophiles.b) Primary amines are weak nucleophiles.c) The primary amine is too nucleophilic, so over-reaction will occur.d) The secondary amine product is more nucleophilic than the primary amine reactant, so over-reaction will occur.