In what stage of catabolism does each of the following processes occur? a. cleavage of a protein with chymotrypsin b. oxidation of a fatty acid to acetyl CoA c. oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate with NAD +d. conversion of ADP to ATP with ATP synthase e. hydrolysis of starch to glucose with amylase
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In what stage of catabolism does each of the following
processes occur?
a. cleavage of a protein with chymotrypsin
b. oxidation of a fatty acid to acetyl CoA
c. oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate with NAD +
d. conversion of ADP to ATP with ATP synthase
e. hydrolysis of starch to glucose with amylase
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- Which of the following statements about the "central role" of TCA is/are correct? a. Some metabolic intermediates of TCA are used as non-carbohydrate sources for gluconeogenesis. b. β-oxidation of lipids produces acetyl-CoA that can enter TCA. c. All metabolic intermediates in TCA are used in the biosynthesis of amino acids. d. Degraded amino acids are converted to metabolic intermediates of TCA, then to ketone bodies.For an individual whose liver is regulated to have gluconeogenesis on and glycolysis off, when energy is needed - what is the major carbon source used to produce acetyl CoA? a. amino acids b. glyoxylate c. glucose d. fatty acidsPlace the following list of reactions or relevant locations in the β oxidation of fatty acids in the proper order. (a) Reaction with carnitine (b) Fatty acid in the cytoplasm (c) Activation of fatty acid by joining to CoA (d) Hydration (e) NAD+ -linked oxidation (f) Thiolysis (g) Acyl CoA in mitochondrion (h) FAD-linked oxidation.
- When one acetyl CoA is processed through the citric acid cycle, how many times does each of the following events occur? a. A FAD molecule is a reactant. b. A CoA-SH molecule is produced. c. A dehydrogenase enzyme is needed for the reaction to occur. d. A C5 molecule is produced.Which of these statements about lactate dehydrogenase is true? a.It is a protein. b.It oxidizes lactic acid. c.It reduces another molecule (pyruvic acid). d.All of these are true.In the last step of glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate and during this reaction ATP is synthesized. Based on the fact that ATP is synthesized, which of the following enzymes would most likely catalyze this reaction? a. enolase b. pyruvate kinase c. aldolase d. pyruvate isomerase e. pyruvate dehydrogenase
- Glycolysis is regulated primarily by _______________. a. three strongly exergonic, non-equilibrium reactions. b. three strongly endergonic, non-equilibrium reactions. c. allosteric effectors of pyruvate kinase. d. phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase. e. the availability of glucose-6-phosphate.Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA a. Through oxidative carboxylation process in the cytoplasm b. Through glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver c. Through dehydration process in the mitochondrial matrix d. Through aldolase in the cytoplasm e. Through oxidative decarboxylation process in the mitochondrial matrixThe rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketolase
- If your liver cells contained a mutation in ACC2 that rendered it constitutively inactive, what two downstream effects might you see as a result? Choose the TWO correct answers. (A) overproduction of malonyl CoA in the mitochondria (B) increase in ketone body synthesis(C) decreased rates of fatty acid oxidation(D) fewer VLDL particles produced by the liver (E) accumulation of fatty acyl-CoA in the cytoplasmWhich of the following statements are TRUE?Multiple answers are accepted for this question a .Two molecules of CO2 are produced each time a molecule of Acetyl-CoA is oxidized. b. During the first turn of the TCA Cycle the carbon atoms of Acetyl-CoA become CO2. c. The number of molecules of ATP that can be produced in the Citric Acid Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation of ADP from two molecules of Acetyl-CoA is 30. d. Fumarate contains a trans double bond. The cis isomer of Fumarate is Maleate which cannot serve as carbon source for a cell. e. Lack of O2 would decrease the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle in red blood cells. f. If a potent inhibitor of Succinyl-CoA Synthetaseis is applied to liver cells both energy production and synthesis of carbohydrate would be affected. g. The overall chemical changes that occur during one complete turn of the Citric Acid Cycle is the complete oxidation of one molecule of Acetyl-CoA plus the production of two molecules of CO2 plus the…In the Cori cycle, the lactate product of glycolysis in muscle is transformedback into glucose by the liver. (a) List the enzymes involved in the lactate → glucose pathway. (b) What is the net gain/loss of ATP for one round of the Cori cycle (glucose → lactate → glucose)?