Instructions-Attempt all Questions Question One Consider an individual with the utility function, U(x₁, x₂) = (a₁x₁² + a₂x²³)¯½³. The prices and x₂ and his income are PX₁ >0, Px₂ > 0, and I > 0. i. Show that this utility function satisfies diminishing marginal rate of substitution. and X₂ ii. Derive his Marshallian (uncompensated) demand functions for X₁ iii. Derive his indirect utility function. iv. Determine the Roy's identity

Microeconomic Theory
12th Edition
ISBN:9781337517942
Author:NICHOLSON
Publisher:NICHOLSON
Chapter3: Preferences And Utility
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3.7P
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Instructions-Attempt all Questions
Question One
1
Consider an individual with the utility function, U(x₁, x₂) = (α₁x₁² +α₂x;³)¯¼ß. The prices of x₁
В
2
1
and x₂ and his income are p>0, Px₂ > 0, and I > 0.
2
x2
i. Show that this utility function satisfies diminishing marginal rate of substitution.
ii. Derive his Marshallian (uncompensated) demand functions for X₁ and X₂
iii. Derive his indirect utility function.
iv. Determine the Roy's identity
v. Without solving his dual problem (i.e., minimizing expenditure subject to a given utility),
derive his expenditure function.
Question Two
Consider an economy with two consumers A and B. Consumers A and B have utility
1
1
1
functions: u(x₁^,x^)=(x^)¹³(x^)¹² and u(x²,x²)=(x²) ¹³ (x²)¹². They face prices P₁ and P₂
3 A
2
3
for good 1 and 2 respectively and have income IA and IB.
a) Argue that V(x^^,x^)= ln[u(x^,x^)] and V(x³, x²)= ln[u(x²,x²)] represent the same
preference relationship as u(x,x) and u(x²,x²³
b) Show that consumer A's demand functions for the two goods are:
21A
31A
A
A
x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^) = ;x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^)=
5p₁
5p₂
c) Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier * and explain its meaning
d) Determine B's demand functions for the two goods
e) We now assume that the consumers have the following initial endowments e^ = (15,1)
and e³=(5,10). Determine the Walrasian equilibrium for this economy, that is
i. the equilibrium price (P,P₂)
2
*
A
A
B
ii. the equilibrium allocation (x^(p₁, p₂),x^(p₁, p₂)) and (x³ (P†‚P₂)‚x²³ (P₁, P²))
2
X2
Question Two
Consider an economy with one consumer and two goods x, (clothing) and x₂ (food) with
respective prices P₁ The utility function is u(x₁, x₂) = x/²x₂4 . The consumer's income
1
1
2
4.
P₁ and
P₂.
is denoted I.
i. Write formally the economic problem faced by the consumer and derive the demand
functions x₁ (P₁, P₂, 1), and x₂ (P₁, P₂,1)
I)
19
19
ii. Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier 2* for the consumer and explain
its meaning.
iii. Explain Walras' Law. Why is this law important for the general equilibrium theory?
Transcribed Image Text:Instructions-Attempt all Questions Question One 1 Consider an individual with the utility function, U(x₁, x₂) = (α₁x₁² +α₂x;³)¯¼ß. The prices of x₁ В 2 1 and x₂ and his income are p>0, Px₂ > 0, and I > 0. 2 x2 i. Show that this utility function satisfies diminishing marginal rate of substitution. ii. Derive his Marshallian (uncompensated) demand functions for X₁ and X₂ iii. Derive his indirect utility function. iv. Determine the Roy's identity v. Without solving his dual problem (i.e., minimizing expenditure subject to a given utility), derive his expenditure function. Question Two Consider an economy with two consumers A and B. Consumers A and B have utility 1 1 1 functions: u(x₁^,x^)=(x^)¹³(x^)¹² and u(x²,x²)=(x²) ¹³ (x²)¹². They face prices P₁ and P₂ 3 A 2 3 for good 1 and 2 respectively and have income IA and IB. a) Argue that V(x^^,x^)= ln[u(x^,x^)] and V(x³, x²)= ln[u(x²,x²)] represent the same preference relationship as u(x,x) and u(x²,x²³ b) Show that consumer A's demand functions for the two goods are: 21A 31A A A x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^) = ;x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^)= 5p₁ 5p₂ c) Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier * and explain its meaning d) Determine B's demand functions for the two goods e) We now assume that the consumers have the following initial endowments e^ = (15,1) and e³=(5,10). Determine the Walrasian equilibrium for this economy, that is i. the equilibrium price (P,P₂) 2 * A A B ii. the equilibrium allocation (x^(p₁, p₂),x^(p₁, p₂)) and (x³ (P†‚P₂)‚x²³ (P₁, P²)) 2 X2 Question Two Consider an economy with one consumer and two goods x, (clothing) and x₂ (food) with respective prices P₁ The utility function is u(x₁, x₂) = x/²x₂4 . The consumer's income 1 1 2 4. P₁ and P₂. is denoted I. i. Write formally the economic problem faced by the consumer and derive the demand functions x₁ (P₁, P₂, 1), and x₂ (P₁, P₂,1) I) 19 19 ii. Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier 2* for the consumer and explain its meaning. iii. Explain Walras' Law. Why is this law important for the general equilibrium theory?
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Instructions-Attempt all Questions
Question One
1
Consider an individual with the utility function, U(x₁, x₂) = (α₁x₁² +α₂x;³)¯¼ß. The prices of x₁
В
2
1
and x₂ and his income are p>0, Px₂ > 0, and I > 0.
2
x2
i. Show that this utility function satisfies diminishing marginal rate of substitution.
ii. Derive his Marshallian (uncompensated) demand functions for X₁ and X₂
iii. Derive his indirect utility function.
iv. Determine the Roy's identity
v. Without solving his dual problem (i.e., minimizing expenditure subject to a given utility),
derive his expenditure function.
Question Two
Consider an economy with two consumers A and B. Consumers A and B have utility
1
1
1
functions: u(x₁^,x^)=(x^)¹³(x^)¹² and u(x²,x²)=(x²) ¹³ (x²)¹². They face prices P₁ and P₂
3 A
2
3
for good 1 and 2 respectively and have income IA and IB.
a) Argue that V(x^^,x^)= ln[u(x^,x^)] and V(x³, x²)= ln[u(x²,x²)] represent the same
preference relationship as u(x,x) and u(x²,x²³
b) Show that consumer A's demand functions for the two goods are:
21A
31A
A
A
x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^) = ;x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^)=
5p₁
5p₂
c) Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier * and explain its meaning
d) Determine B's demand functions for the two goods
e) We now assume that the consumers have the following initial endowments e^ = (15,1)
and e³=(5,10). Determine the Walrasian equilibrium for this economy, that is
i. the equilibrium price (P,P₂)
2
*
A
A
B
ii. the equilibrium allocation (x^(p₁, p₂),x^(p₁, p₂)) and (x³ (P†‚P₂)‚x²³ (P₁, P²))
2
X2
Question Two
Consider an economy with one consumer and two goods x, (clothing) and x₂ (food) with
respective prices P₁ The utility function is u(x₁, x₂) = x/²x₂4 . The consumer's income
1
1
2
4.
P₁ and
P₂.
is denoted I.
i. Write formally the economic problem faced by the consumer and derive the demand
functions x₁ (P₁, P₂, 1), and x₂ (P₁, P₂,1)
I)
19
19
ii. Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier 2* for the consumer and explain
its meaning.
iii. Explain Walras' Law. Why is this law important for the general equilibrium theory?
Transcribed Image Text:Instructions-Attempt all Questions Question One 1 Consider an individual with the utility function, U(x₁, x₂) = (α₁x₁² +α₂x;³)¯¼ß. The prices of x₁ В 2 1 and x₂ and his income are p>0, Px₂ > 0, and I > 0. 2 x2 i. Show that this utility function satisfies diminishing marginal rate of substitution. ii. Derive his Marshallian (uncompensated) demand functions for X₁ and X₂ iii. Derive his indirect utility function. iv. Determine the Roy's identity v. Without solving his dual problem (i.e., minimizing expenditure subject to a given utility), derive his expenditure function. Question Two Consider an economy with two consumers A and B. Consumers A and B have utility 1 1 1 functions: u(x₁^,x^)=(x^)¹³(x^)¹² and u(x²,x²)=(x²) ¹³ (x²)¹². They face prices P₁ and P₂ 3 A 2 3 for good 1 and 2 respectively and have income IA and IB. a) Argue that V(x^^,x^)= ln[u(x^,x^)] and V(x³, x²)= ln[u(x²,x²)] represent the same preference relationship as u(x,x) and u(x²,x²³ b) Show that consumer A's demand functions for the two goods are: 21A 31A A A x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^) = ;x₁^ (P₁, P₂,I^)= 5p₁ 5p₂ c) Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier * and explain its meaning d) Determine B's demand functions for the two goods e) We now assume that the consumers have the following initial endowments e^ = (15,1) and e³=(5,10). Determine the Walrasian equilibrium for this economy, that is i. the equilibrium price (P,P₂) 2 * A A B ii. the equilibrium allocation (x^(p₁, p₂),x^(p₁, p₂)) and (x³ (P†‚P₂)‚x²³ (P₁, P²)) 2 X2 Question Two Consider an economy with one consumer and two goods x, (clothing) and x₂ (food) with respective prices P₁ The utility function is u(x₁, x₂) = x/²x₂4 . The consumer's income 1 1 2 4. P₁ and P₂. is denoted I. i. Write formally the economic problem faced by the consumer and derive the demand functions x₁ (P₁, P₂, 1), and x₂ (P₁, P₂,1) I) 19 19 ii. Calculate the optimal value of the Lagrange multiplier 2* for the consumer and explain its meaning. iii. Explain Walras' Law. Why is this law important for the general equilibrium theory?
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