Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides in length. What might be a rationale for this limita- tion?
Q: the string of A nucleotide following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent terminator were…
A: Several mechanisms of regulation transcription termination are discovered in bacterium and…
Q: For each of the following transcription factors, explain how eukaryotic transcriptional initiation…
A: A transcription factor is a sequence specific DNA-binding factor and upon binding to the DNA…
Q: What is self-splicing intron? Cite two reasons that suggest cukaryotic spliceosomes originated from…
A: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is the complementary strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is…
Q: What sequence elements are found within the core promoter of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes?…
A: Gene expression is a process by which the genes are turned on to form RNA and proteins.…
Q: Certain repeated sequences in eukaryotes are flanked by short direct repeats, suggesting that they…
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: The following DNA nucleotides are found near the end of a bacterial transcription unit.…
A: The functions of DNA and RNA are controlled by genes. Genes are made up of a distinct collection of…
Q: In the splicing of group I introns shown, does the 5′ end of the intron have a phosphate group?…
A: Introns are the inert elements in the DNA. They are otherwise said to be non coding regions of DNA…
Q: If there are multiple start condo, how can you identify the real start codon? By observing Okazaki…
A: Transcription and translation are specialized events that are part of the central dogma i.e. DNA to…
Q: Explain why all transposons include inverted repeats.
A: Transposable elements (TEs) are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences that move from one location to…
Q: Nonfunctional HexA protein is responsible for the autosomal recessive disease Tay Sachs. A patient…
A: Ans... a base substitution in an enhancer region
Q: Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT boxes with consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT…
A: The CAAT box is popularly known as a core promoter or basal promoter or simply the Promoter. It is…
Q: The following DNA nucleotides are found near the end of a bacterial transcription unit.…
A: The process in which a specific sequence of DNA is copied to form a newly synthesized strand of…
Q: A gene contains eight sites where alternativesplicing is possible. Assuming that the splicing…
A: according to the question, A gene contains eight sites where alternative splicing is possible:
Q: Why do Introns in a pre-operational transcript differ in size and number?
A: Introns An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to…
Q: One procedure of obtaining cDNA from mRNA is by using oligo(dT) primers. What are oligo(dT)s? Why…
A: oligo(dT)are primer widely used for cDNA the synthesis generation of a high frequency of…
Q: For insertion elements and simple transposons, what is the functionof the inverted repeat sequences…
A: The sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that changes the position in the genome, and at times…
Q: Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost…
A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…
Q: Suppose that the string of A nucleotides following the inverted repeat in a rho-independent…
A: Rho-factor is a type of protein, which causes the termination of the transcription process in…
Q: A series of exonuclease deletions were used to study the promoter of the rice hemA gene, giving the…
A: A promoter can be defined as a DNA sequence where proteins bind and initiate transcription of an…
Q: The Dscam locus in Drosophila melanogaster has 24 exons. Four of these exons are able to undergo…
A: Alternative splicing results in several products being made from one chromosome. In higher…
Q: Why do trans-sRNAs often require a chaperone protein?
A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…
Q: why is GTP hydrolysed in translation termination in bacteria? What are the by-products of…
A: The translation termination occurs when the stop codons are placed near the A site. These include…
Q: Why is Fnu4HI useful for determining which polymorphism is present at codon 49 (SNP rs713598) and…
A: TAS2R38 gene is large family of taste receptor gene encoding protein T2R38 a g protein coupled…
Q: Why are cDNA libraries desirable for the expression of eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes?
A: In cDNA library ("c" in cDNA stands for "complementary"). It is a series of cloned diagnostic DNA…
Q: Why did two different classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases evolving?
A: The translation process is started by ribosomes. Ribosomes are made up of bigger and smaller…
Q: In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been found to have a circular arrangement in which proteins hold the…
A: In the context of cell biology, the rate of mRNA translation into cellular proteins called…
Q: Genetically engineered mRNAs that code for a stretch of basic residues, such as poly(Lys), induce…
A: Genetics is the branch of biology, which deals with the study of genes, their pattern of…
Q: The E. coli genome contains approximately 4639 kb. (a) How many copies of the 6-bp recognition…
A: E.coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestine. It is also found in the gut of…
Q: Some eukaryotic mRNAs have an AU-rich element in the 3′ untranslated region. What would be the…
A: The 3’ UTR is the untranslated region in the mRNA that follows the termination codon of translation.…
Q: An insertion sequence contains a large deletion in its transposase gene. Under what circumstances…
A: The insertion sequence is the simple transposon of bacteria. Transposons are the DNA segments that…
Q: By comparing Figures 8-16 and 8-17 with Figure 8-18,speculate what features of RNA permit…
A: The features of RNA that permit self-splicing (that is, in the absence of proteins)is that RNA is…
Q: What is meant by the term histone code? With regard to gene regulation, what is the proposed role of…
A: The mechanism that acts to suppress or induces the gene expression is called gene regulation. These…
Q: Suppose that a 20-bp deletion occurs in the middle of exon 2 of the gene. What will be the likely…
A: Alternative processing and splicing results in the production of multiple mRNA and proteins from…
Q: What is the meaning of the term consensus sequence? Give an example. Describe the locations of…
A: The consensus sequences are widely used in molecular biology. The genes are controlled by the…
Q: Introns in protein-coding genes of some eukaryotes are rarely shorter than 65 nucleotides long. What…
A: Unconstrained DNA sequence which are those sequences whose evolution is unaffected by selection are…
Q: How Can a Sequence Logo Be Used to Identify RibosomeBinding Sites on Bacterial mRNAs?
A: Introduction Bioinformatic is the advanced and recent branch of biology which utilizes computers…
Q: How are specific mRNAs targeted for decay by deadenylation-dependent or -independent decay?
A: mRNA degradation is a mechanism that eliminates mRNA that is no longer needed in the cell or has…
Q: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes a.Promote initiation of translation. b.Complex with…
A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid in which…
Q: Several examples of antisense RNA regulating translation in bacterial cells have been discovered.…
A: Introduction Gene silencing is the technique by which the expression of any gene can be inhibited…
Q: . Can a missense mutation of proline to histidine bemade with a G • C → A • T transition-causing…
A: A missense mutation is a point mutation that occurs in a codon that codes for a different amino acid…
Q: Why is transcription a particularly important level of gene regulation in both bacteria and…
A: Gene regulation is the process that is involved in turning on or off of a gene, which ensures that…
Q: Why eukaryotic genes are called split genes? What is alternative RNA splicing?
A: Gene is the biological and functional unit of cells. They consists of DNA that is present on the…
Q: Explain why inserting 5 bp of DNA at the –50 position of a eukaryotic gene decreases the rate of RNA…
A: The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus, during which RNA molecule is synthesized from…
Q: Identify the DNA elements and protein factors, #1- 7, in the figure below that are involved in the…
A: Central Dogma = According to the central DNA is converted to RNA (transcription) and RNA to protein…
Q: For RNA Plymerase type two generated transcripts in eukaryotes, how polyadenylation is linked with…
A: The poly-A tail makes the RNA molecule more stable and prevents its degradation. Additionally, the…
Q: The mRNA sequence 5' AUG AAA CAG GGA UAA 3' encodes a particular peptide of interest to your…
A: Gene is the segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that is responsible for heredity and inheritance…
Q: Any mutation inside or outside a coding regionthat reduces or abolishes protein activity in one of…
A: It is one of the types of mutations subclassified on the basis of the effects on the function of…
Q: Are the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs encoded by sequences in the promoter,…
A: The 5′ UTR is located in the first exon of the gene.
Q: Many promoter regions contain CAAT boxes containing consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT approximately…
A: There are many different non-coding sequences in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that help in…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Introns in eukaryotic protein-coding genes may be quite large, but almost none are smaller than about 65 bp. What is the reason for this minimum intron size?Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT boxes with consensus sequences CAAT or CCAAT approximately 70 to 80 bases upstream from the transcription start site. How might one determine the influence of CAAT boxes on the transcription rate of a given gene?Are the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) of eukaryotic mRNAs encoded by sequences in the promoter, exon, or intron of the gene? Explain your answer.
- What molecular biology strategy can best be used to determine Inhibition of the splicing of one intron from the parental RNA resulting in a longer protein product? Explain.Very few if any eukaryotic genes contain tractswith more than 25 As or Ts in a row, yet almost alleukaryotic mRNAs have a tract with more than100 As in a row. How is this possible?in the human gene for the beta chain of hemoglobin, the first 30 nucleotides in the amino acid coding region is represented by the sequence 3'TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand? If the DNA duplex for the beta chain of hemoglobin above were transcribed from left to right, deduce the base sequence of the RNA in this coding region.
- Suppose that a 20-bp deletion occurs in the middle of exon 2 of the gene. What will be the likely effect of this deletion in the proteins produced by alternative splicing?Suppose that a 20-bp deletion occurs in the middle of exon 2 of the gene depicted in Figure 14.12a. What will be the likely effect of this deletion in the proteins produced by alternative splicing?In eukaryotes many transcriptional activators are dimers of related proteins. Assuming each dimer binds to one unique sequence, how many unique sequences can protein dimers derived from a family of six related proteins bind to?
- Codons 24 to 66 represent an intron. At what point in the process of protein synthesis are introns removed? What is the name of the enzyme responsible for removing them?Explain why inserting 5 bp of DNA at the –50 position of a eukaryotic gene decreases the rate of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation to a greater extent than inserting 10 bp at the same site.Given the partial transposons DNA sequence 5’-ACCGTATTCGGT-3’ upstream from the central region, assuming both terminal inverted repeats and flanking direct repeats have 6 base pairs, hypothetically write the transposon structure downstream from the central region.