In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophenol) to help patients lose weight. This treatment was abandoned after several patients died. DNP works by uncoupling the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H*. In terms of respiration, explain how DNP can lead to weight loss.

In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophenol) to help patients lose weight. This treatment was abandoned after several patients died. DNP works by uncoupling the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H*. In terms of respiration, explain how DNP can lead to weight loss.

Name: 5. In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophen
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:55.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: 5. In the 1940s, some physicians prescribed the drug DNP (dinitrophenol) to help patients lose weight.This treatment was abandoned after several patients died. DNP works by uncoupling the chemiosmoticmachinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inne

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYK

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Which of the following is the major source of electrons that flow through the mitochondrial electron transport chain? (a) H2O (b) ATP (c) NADH (d) ATP synthase (e) coenzyme A
The reactions of _____ take place within the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. (a) glycolysis (b) oxidation of pyruvate (c) the citric acid cycle (d) chemiosmosis (e) the electron transport chain
The Krebs cycle converts ________ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, ________, and ________ are produced. acetyl CoA; FAD, NAD acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH pyruvate; NAD; FADH2 pyruvate; oxygen; oxaloacetate
7. Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? a) They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. b) They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. c) NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. d) The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. e) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction
1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false and state why you say so. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.
5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?
6. Which of the following components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the only one to be considered a peripheral protein? the cytochrome a-a3 complex the cytochrome c oxidase complex coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) the cytochrome b-c1 complex cytochrome c
4. How many moles of ATP would be formed from 10.5 moles of NADH and 6.75 moles of FADH₂ during electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.
4) a)Fill in the blanks: When oxygen is the final energy carrier in the production of ATP, the process is called _________________. When an inorganic molecule is used to drive theoxidation in a cell to produce ATP, the process is called _______________.b)How is energy transferred to proteins in the process called phosphorylation?c) Fill in the blanks: When a molecule is oxidized it has (more/less) _________ electrons than it did before being oxidized. When a molecule is reducedit has (more/less)_________ electrons than it did before being reduced.d) Is NADH is the oxidized or reduced form of NAD+?
1. A toxin that inhibits the establishment of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane would cause the following result: ATP synthase would be unable to produce ATP. Substrate-level phosphorylation would be inhibited. Pyruvate would be unable to enter the TCA cycle. NADH would be oxidized. Fermentation could not occur.