Learning Task 7: List down some daily activities and tell how these contribute to climate change. Also, provide advisable corrective actions. Do this in your notebook. Daily Activities Climate change Corrective Actions Contribution 3.
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- What arguments d0 low-income countries make in international discussions of global environmental clean-up?What makes climate change an economic problem? And if it is, how should policy dealwith it?Your answer should include reference to at least three of the following aspects of theproblem:a) Climate change as an externalityb) A carbon tax vs. cap and tradec) Cost-benefit analysisd) Assessing costs to future generationse) Environmental dynamicsA corrective tax on the emission of carbon wastes is one possible way to reduce the economic costs associated with global warming. Critically analyze the Pigovian or Corrective Taxes?
- The climate policy toolkit has, to-date, mostly focused on demand side policies (i.e. policies that affect the pollution demand curve), some of which are ‘command-andcontrol’ and others are market based (e.g. cap-and-trade schemes, carbon taxes). (a) Explain what is meant by command-and-control in terms of a demand side climate change policy. What are the pros and cons of this as a policy option? (b) Using a diagram, explain how a carbon tax could help reduce pollution.The climate policy toolkit has, to-date, mostly focused on demand side policies (i.e. policies that affect the pollution demand curve), some of which are ‘command-and control’ and others are market based (e.g. cap-and-trade schemes, carbon taxes). (a) Using a diagram or diagrams, explain how a cap-and-trade scheme could result in pollution reduction. (b) What is the Emissions Reduction Fund and what are its pros and cons? 1(c) Of the following four policy options, which one do you favour as a demandside policy and why? i. command-and-control in terms of a demand side climatechange ii. carbon tax iii. Emissions Reduction Fund iv. cap-and-trade schemeWhat Enviornment and climate change program has been initiated and implemented by the govenment of Pakistan for the fiscal year 2021-22? Explain.
- Case: Despite 2015 Paris agreement, global carbon emissions increased 1.7 percent in 2017 and a further 2.7 percent in 2018; it has been estimated that the rate of increase in 2019 will be among the highest on record. The last four years have been the hottest on record, with 2019 on track to make it five. But analyses suggest that fast action now can reduce carbon emissions within 12 years and hold global increases below 2 degrees C and perhaps 1.5. Even though carbon emissions in The Gambia, Morocco and India are expected to rise, they’ll fall short of exceeding the 1.5-degree Celsius limit. But some countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Russia, and United States, are not trying hard enough. a. Explain the inefficiency in this case! Use graphics b. Why can't this problem be solved through market mechanisms as in private goods? c. Give possible public (global) solutions and private (global) solutions to this and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each.What are the two main approaches to tackle the problem of global warming and climate change? Next, compare the two approaches along the following dimension: Based on the current state of scientific and economic knowledge, which of the two types of policy is most likely to be cost-effective? Does it mean it will be used? Explain.Can economics help us to understand, and deal with, the prospect of climate change dueto human activities?Your answer should include reference to at least three of the following aspects of theproblem:a) A carbon tax vs cap and tradeb) The UK’s legal commitment to reduce net carbon emissions to zero by 2050c) Assessing costs to future generationsd) Bargaining over climate changee) Environmental dynamics
- The following figure (Figure 10.4 on your textbook) shows the present value of 1 dollar of climate damages, as a function of the year the damages took place. What can this graph be used to calculate, based on different rates? a. the social cost of carbon b. growth discounting c. inflation d. time discountinggive an example of efficient (market failure) isuue that arises in working toward a global agreement to limit greenhouse gas emissions.The revenues from an emissions-charge approach to controlling climate change would be unusually large in comparison to other pollutants. What circumstances would lead to high revenues?