List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies: A. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer's disease. B. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years and all current patents for such drugs that are already in more than five years old instantly expire. C. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive. D. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available. E. The US government mandates lower out-of-pocket costs on brand-name drugs

List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies: A. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer's disease. B. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years and all current patents for such drugs that are already in more than five years old instantly expire. C. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive. D. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available. E. The US government mandates lower out-of-pocket costs on brand-name drugs

Economics:

10th Edition

ISBN:9781285859460

Author:BOYES, William

Publisher:BOYES, William

Chapter28: Antitrust And Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11E

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List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies: A. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer's disease. B. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years and all current patents for such drugs that are already in more than five years old instantly expire. C. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive. D. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available. E. The US government mandates lower out-of-pocket costs on brand-name drugs.
List the costs and benefits of the following hypothetical policies.a. The US government offers a $5 billion prize to the first drug company that develops a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.b. The patent length for drugs to treat fatal diseases is reduced to five years, and all current patents for such drugs that are already more than five years old instantly expire.c. The European Medicines Agency announces that it will instantly approve new drug applications that have shown any promise in treating Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (also known as mad cow disease), even if there are safety concerns or if the evidence of efficacy is not conclusive.d. The US government allows patients to write themselves prescriptions on weekends, when physicians are typically not available.
People need medications, but the poor often cannot afford them. Governments may not provide subsidies for health care and medications. Meanwhile, biopharmaceutical firms focus their R&D on compounds likely to provide the best returns. What is the proper role of the following groups in addressing these dilemmas: national governments, branded biopharmaceutical firms, and generic manufacturers?
Multiple choice 14. Mark is a Canadian lumberjack whose income increases from $1,200 per week to $1,500 per week. If his demand for restaurant meals rises from 2 to 4 per week then...Select one: a.Ey = 3 b.Ey = 0.5 c.Ey = 2.5 d.Ey = -1 15. Which of the following would help support the argument for legalizing drugs?Select one: a.None of the other choices b.The demand curve for illegal drugs in relatively elastic c.The demand curve for illegal drugs is relatively inelastic d.The demand curve for illegal drugs is perfectly elastic 16. The Philippines Government is thinking of increasing taxes on gasoline and cigarettes in order to raise tax revenue. This would...Select one: a.None of the above are correct b.Be a good idea if gasoline and cigarettes are inelastic goods c.Be a poor idea because people would stop consuming these goods d.Be a good idea if gasoline and cigarettes are elastic goods 17. If Exy > 0 then goods x and y areSelect one: a.Substitutes b.Normal goods c.Inferior goods…
Emission charges and cap-and-trade systems are the two dominant market incentive-based approaches for the reduction of emissions. Describe how an emission charge or tax works. Describe how a cap-and-trade system works. Contrast the two systems: what are the fundamental differences between them? Do those differences matter? Provide two examples of jurisdictions that impose a carbon tax. Provide two examples of jurisdictions that imposes a cap-and-trade regime. As the manager of a business that produces emissions, which system would you prefer to face? Why?
Only typed answer and don't use chat gpt The economic argument for legalizing drugs is morally bankrupt. is based on the assumption that demand is relatively price inelastic. shows that economists are all libertarians at heart. takes into consideration all the externalities associated with drug use. is really politically motivated.
Why are taxes, one traditional remedy for negative externalities, less than ideal for smoking cessation in the United States? Nicotine is addictive/demand is inelastic, and smokers are mostly poor, so in effect cigarette taxes reduce the quality of life of people we’re trying to help without substantially reducing smoking Demand is inelastic, and smokers are mostly rich, so they don’t reduce smoking as a result of taxes Demand is elastic, and smokers are mostly old, so taxes reduce smoking but cause increased anxiety among the elderly Demand is elastic, and smokers are mostly young, so they quit smoking but are then more likely to experiment with illegal drugs
Provide a subsidy for the vaccination Government produces and operates vaccination centers, where vaccines are provided at no charge. Impose a regulation, requiring the people of the nation to get the vaccination Explain the potential unintended consequences of each one of these polices. Which policy would you enact and why?
Consider the case of innovating vaccines without patents (in a perfectly competitive market) (a) Does an externality exist? If so, is it positive/negative (or both) (b) Use Coase’s framework to identify the cause of the externality (c) If an externality exists, determine whether the Coase theorem applies (i.e. is it feasible to assign property rights and solve the problem?) (d) If an externality exists and the Coase theorem does not apply, discuss a government/institutional solution that can mitigate the problem of externality
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a new vaccine against a disease and are trying to determine the optimal percentage of the population that should be vaccinated. They do not recommend vaccinating the whole population against the smallpox virus because the vaccine has undesirable, and sometimes fatal, side effects. Suppose the following table gives the data about the effects of the vaccine. Percent of population Deaths Due to Deaths due to Marginal Marginal Cost vaccinated Disease vaccine side Benefit of the of the Vaccine effects Vaccine (extra (extra deaths lives saved by due to side vaccine) effects) 0% 200 0 NA NA 10% 180 10 20% 160 25 30% 140 55 40% 120 95 50% 100 140 60% 80 200 a. Calculate the Marginal Benefit (in terms of how many extra lives are saved by the…
The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 provides tax incentives, patent protection, and research subsidies to firms for drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic agents if they are intended to treat a disease that affects less than 200,000 citizens. Explain how the Orphan Drug Act would affect drug development. Can you think of any tradeoffs from the act?
Consider two ways of protecting elephants from poachers in African countries. In one approach, the government sets up enormous national parks that have sufficient habitat for elephants to thrive and forbids all local people to enter the parks or to injure either the elephants or their habitat in any way. In a second approach, the government sets up national parks and designates 10 villages around the edges of the park as official tourist centers that become places where tourists can stay and bases for guided tours inside the national park. Consider the different incentives of local villagers—who often are very poor—in each of these plans. Which plan seems more likely to help the elephant population?