List the types of changes in the human genome thatcan help lead to cancer.

Q: What causes the majority of the mutations found in human melanomas and lung cancer?

A: DNA is the chemical in each cells that makes up the genes and some genes control when cells grow,…

Q: Explain the occurrence of familial colon cancer and pediatric cancers using Knudson’s two-hit…

A: These types of cancer are very common in the world and cause high morbidity and mortality among…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Heavy smokers or industrial workers exposed for a limited time to a chemical carcinogen that induces…

A: Cancer is triggered by a mutation in genes, which make the fundamental physical elements of…

Q: Describe the evidence provided by the p53 gene that proves smoking causes lung cancer.

A: Smoking increases multiple cancer type but lung cancer is predominant. Lung tumors have high rates…

Q: Could a gene be involved in the growth of both stem cells and some kinds of cancer? Explain your…

A: in stem cells we have an important class of genes called proto-oncogenes [PO] with are necessary for…

Q: Explain how genetics and epigenetics play a role in cancer.

A: Genomic precariousness, which happens through both hereditary components (basic inheritable…

Q: Define the Genomic Instability in cancer cells ? What is leads to ?

A: Genes are the elements that holds responsible for various vital functions in the body. Genes are…

Q: For a gene to be cancer-inducing, both copies of the gene must be affected, explain it with example.

A: Cancer inducing gene The gene having the potential to cause cancer are called as cancer inducing…

Q: Give two examples of how genomic studies have altered our understanding of cancers.

A: Cancer was initially described by Hippocrates when he identified two forms of cancer: ulcer forming…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene…

A: Tumor-supressor genes: Tumor-suppressor genes is defined as normal genes that will slow down the…

Q: Describe the roles of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in controlling cell growth, and…

A: Oncogenesis is the process of inducing cancer in the body due to mutation in the genes. Oncogenes…

Q: Define the relation between DNA Methylation and Cancer ?

A: Cancer is a disorder caused by uncontrolled cell division.

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

A: Oncogenes are those genes that have the potential to cause cancer. These genes are often mutated or…

Q: Discuss the use of gene therapy in treating cancer.

A: Gene therapy involves changing the genetic instructions within a person's cells to treat or prevent…

Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?

A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…

Q: illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressing genes also known as Anti - oncogenes are the  regulatory genes which regulates…

Q: List the 5 ways genes can be converted to cancer causing genes.

A: Cancer is a complex disease that leads to the uncontrolled cell division. It can be occurs by…

Q: Explain the process that damages DNA has the potentialto be carcinogenic ?

A: The cells have developed various mechanisms for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage repair that is…

Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Imagine that you are a scientist who wants to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying…

A: Mus musculus is an experimental model organism that allows researchers to test the role of certain…

Q: The "initiation" stage of cancer refers to:     a)  The stage where DNA is mutated, and permanent…

A: Introduction :  Cancer is defined by the following characteristics: • Uncontrolled…

Q: Summarize the evidence that cancer is a geneticdisease, requiring the acquisition of mutations in…

A: Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is also known as malignancy. This…

Q: “Gene therapy can be used in treating cancers”- explain.

A: Cancer refers to the uncontrolled cell division caused by the mutations in the genes which control…

Q: Name one type of gene that leads to cancer when it is mutated

A: All malignant growth which is called as cancer also is the consequence of mutation in gene. Changes…

Q: relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer

A: Any permanent change occurring in the DNA base sequence is referred to as a mutation. The mutation…

Q: Explain the advantage of the systems biology approachto studying cancer versus the approach of…

A: System biology is used in the preparation of complex biological systems based on the interactions…

Q: Explain the Role of telomere in regards to cancer

A: Telomeres gradually shorten with each cell division, resulting in less protection for the…

Q: write about DNA damage and mismatch repair genes in human, their inheritance mode and cancer

A: DNA damage are defined as a variation in basic structure of DNA that is not replicated itself when…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene. Describe two mechanisms by which genetic change…

A: Oncogene refers to the cancer-causing gene and is expressed in higher concentration in tumor cells…

Q: xplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: cancer may be a disease during which a number of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.

A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…

Q: Explain why some individuals have a geneticpredisposition to certain kinds of cancers

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: True or False: Cancers develop when many mutations develop rather than from a single mutation

A: Cancer is a genetic disease. It’s not a single disease, rather it is two or more hundreds of…

Q: compare and contrast cancer caused by viruses and cancer caused by oncogenes

A: Introduction Cancer is a disease occurs due to uncontrolled mitosis. Cancerous cells can destroy…

Q: EXPLAIN BRIEFLY: Explain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: Answers P53 also defined as tumour suppressor Gene. Hence it protect the cells from various damages…

Q: Discuss the concept of cancer survivorship ?

A: Survivorship in cancer refers to the health and well-being of a cancer patient from the time of…

Q: How can mutations in noncoding segments of DNA contribute to the development of cancers?

A: The functions segment of hereditary material that mainly codes for the proteins is a gene. The…

Q: Explain Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are recessive at the cellular level but dominant at the…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: Explain how our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has been used to develop new…

A: Hippocrates a Greek physician described cancer as ulcer-forming and non-ulcer-forming carcinoma,…

Q: How gene therapy can be used in treating cancers? Explain broadly.

A: Gene Therapy is a method of treatment or prevention of disease that alters the genes present in the…

Q: Discuss the relationship between cancer and changes in gene expression that affect cell…

A: Cancer is the condition in which the control over the process of cell division is lost.

Q: Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.

A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.