illustrate some of the molecular mechanisms leading from loss-of-function mutations in tumor-suppressor genes to increased predispositions to cancer?

Q: Give some Examples of Drugs That Specifically Target Proteins Mutated or Abnormally Expressed in…

A: Genes have the overall control on a cell. The, growth, replication, etc. of a cell is coordinated by…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to…

A: The repeated and uncontrollable division of cells forms a large mass called the tumor. Tumors might…

Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…

A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…

Q: Mutations in three broad classes of genes have been implicated in the onset of cancer. Can you…

A: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic…

Q: Describe three common ways that tumor-suppressor genes aresilenced.

A: Tumour suppressor genes are genes that can decrease the rate of cell division and growth. In the…

Q: Why is it important to model cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells ?…

A: Genetic transformation happens when the genetic composition of an organism is transformed by the…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes?

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote the cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the…

Q: Explain the Role of proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes ?

A: The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes induces cancers although the activation of the…

Q: Discuss the complete cell cycle in a human cell, mitosis and meiosis, and the regulatory components…

A: There are two types of cell division.They are Mitosis and Meiosis. Most of the times,the type of…

Q: Explain how genetics and epigenetics play a role in cancer.

A: Genomic precariousness, which happens through both hereditary components (basic inheritable…

Q: What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the…

A: Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell survival are under the control of some critical…

Q: Characterize the differences between tumor cells and normal cells in terms of the following…

A: A. The normal cell shows contact inhibition that means when two cells get contact then the growth…

Q: Explain why mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive (both copies of the gene must be…

A: Mutation in an organism is defined as a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences”. The…

Q: Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer ?

A: Genes are the hereditary unit in an organism and are passed on from the parental generation to the…

Q: Explain how mutations in oncogenes and in tumor suppressorgenes cause cancer.

A: Cancer is a group of diseases that involves abnormal growth of the cell. These cells have the…

Q: Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

A: Oncogenes are those genes that have the potential to cause cancer. These genes are often mutated or…

Q: Tissues and differentiation: a) Explain what is meant by determination and differentiation b)…

A: In biology, the process of determination is related to the process in which embryonic stem cells…

Q: Discuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be…

A: Research on several diseases have found that the cause of diseases are not only environmental or…

Q: Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor…

A: When we talk about cancer, there are certain genes associated with it. Oncogenes are genes that are…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…

A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…

Q: Normal (nonmutant) tumor-suppressor genes often functiona. as negative regulators of cell…

A: Cancer is defined as the biological disorder in which the cells undergo uncontrolled growth and cell…

Q: How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the…

A: Cancer cells breaks the most basic rule of cell behavior by which multicellular organism are built…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do…

A: Oncogene is a type of gene having the ability which can develop a cell to a tumor cell when…

Q: In some cancer cells, a specific gene has been duplicated many times. Is this gene likely to be an…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Explain why p53 is mutated in the vast majority of human cancers.

A: Any isoform of a protein encoded by homologous genes in multiple animals, such as TP53 and Trp53, is…

Q: Why would a mutation in BRCA1 be considered a driver mutation?  b. Based on what you’ve learned…

A: In this question, we  have to answer 'BRCA gene consider as driver mutation and ATM consider as a…

Q: Describe the underlying causes of epigenetic changes associated with cancer.

A: DNA is the genetic material in most living organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that…

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene. Describe two mechanisms by which genetic change…

A: Oncogene refers to the cancer-causing gene and is expressed in higher concentration in tumor cells…

Q: xplain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: cancer may be a disease during which a number of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to…

Q: Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its…

A: Cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by the growth of tumors in the body of an…

Q: Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, Bcl-2,…

A: Proto-oncogene is a normal gene which have many different functions in the cell, like providing…

Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…

A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…

Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…

A: Loss of function mutation is otherwise known as inactivating mutations. This type of mutation is…

Q: Apart from p53, mention and describe the function of three tumor suppressor genes you know

A: The cancer related genes can be divided into two broad categories like the proto-oncogenes and tumor…

Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.

A: Tumors are clumps of cells formed by uncontrollable cell division. Tumorigenesis is the uncontrolled…

Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein

A:

Q: Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer whena. they are overexpressed.b. they are expressed in the…

A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of the…

Q: a. How could you use sequence analysis to determine if this patient inherited the mutation from one…

A: There are various diagnostic technique used to diagnose cancer and they are:- Biopsy, Breast MRI,…

Q: Explain Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are recessive at the cellular level but dominant at the…

A: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal growth of cells, which tend to proliferate in an…

Q: Explain how our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has been used to develop new…

A: Hippocrates a Greek physician described cancer as ulcer-forming and non-ulcer-forming carcinoma,…

Q: Describe how the tumor-suppressor genes Rb, p53 and p21 regulate the cell cycle.

A: Tumor suppressor gene  These gene controls the activity of cell division cycles. They decide whether…

Q: Some cancers have been treated with drugs that demethylate DNA.Explain how these drugs might work.…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with genetic changes. The mutations in the oncogenes and…

Q: Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene.

A: Cancer is the state of uncontrolled cell division.

Q: Discuss the challenges of producing anticancer drugs that counteract the effects of mutations in…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that decline the cell division process, acts in programmed cell…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.