Distinguish between proto-oncogene and oncogene. Describe two mechanisms by which genetic change causes cancer

Q: Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumorsuppressor genes.

A: The proto-oncogenes are those genes, which promote cell cycle and inhibit apoptosis of the cells.…

Q: genes for retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53, act as  ________ in regulating the cell cycle

A: The retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes perform an important role in cell cycle mechanisms. They play…

Q: Illustrate Some Inherited Predispositions to Cancer ?

A: Tumor suppressing genes are also known as Anti - oncogenes are the regulatory genes that regulate…

Q: _____________________ describes the imbalance in genetic information due to the removal of controls…

A: Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper…

Q: Heavy smokers or industrial workers exposed for a limited time to a chemical carcinogen that induces…

A: Cancer is triggered by a mutation in genes, which make the fundamental physical elements of…

Q: Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?   a.Oncogenes do not have…

A: Cancer is also called malignancy. It is the abnormal growth of cells, and these cells have the…

Q: Explain how genetics and epigenetics play a role in cancer.

A: Genomic precariousness, which happens through both hereditary components (basic inheritable…

Q: Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer ?

A: Genes are the hereditary unit in an organism and are passed on from the parental generation to the…

Q: Describe the characteristics of cancer, and explain the mechanism of transformation.

A: The main fundamental characteristic of cancer cells is the formation of a tumor colony from a single…

Q: Explain what it means when cancer is said to have a hereditary component.

A: Malignant growth is a hereditary disease—that is, disease is brought about by specific changes to…

Q: Explain why metastasis can lead to multiplesecondary tumors in different sites.

A: When there is some mutation that occurs in the DNA of any cell that leads to abnormal and…

Q: Define about Some Proto-oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor Genes ?

A: Introduction: Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes belong to cancer critical genes whose…

Q: Explain about the Cancer-causing gene formed by a mutation in a proto-oncogene ?

A: In genetics, the mutation is defined as the changes or alteration in the DNA sequences which result…

Q: Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?

A: Genes that confer the ability to convert cells to a tumourigenic state are called oncogenes.…

Q: Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor…

A: When we talk about cancer, there are certain genes associated with it. Oncogenes are genes that are…

Q: Describe the differences between point mutations, chromosomal translocations, and gene amplification…

A: Cancer is a disease that is associated with the uncontrolled division of cells and invasion of…

Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…

A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…

Q: . Explain why mutations in oncogenes are generally dominant while those in tumor suppressor genes…

A: Proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of gene essential for the control of cell…

Q: According to the multi-hit model, more than one mutation must occur in a cell for cancer to develop.…

A: A new multihit model of carcinogenesis is produced for use in assessing age-explicit disease rate…

Q: Mutations in proto-oncogenes that turn them into oncogenes tend to be dominant, while cancer-causing…

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that suppress the formation of tumors in the cells or tissues…

Q: relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer

A: Any permanent change occurring in the DNA base sequence is referred to as a mutation. The mutation…

Q: Please distinguish driver and passenger mutations in cancer.

A: Driver mutations: Mutations in known oncogenes that help cells establish or maintain the transformed…

Q: Give a possible explanation for why a mutation in a single gene does not always lead to cancer.

A: Mutation in a gene is defined as any change or alteration in the structure, and hence, function of…

Q: Explain why some individuals have a geneticpredisposition to certain kinds of cancers

A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…

Q: How oncogenes contribute to cancer?

A: Cancer:       It is a disease where cells divide abnormally and damage other cells. There are…

Q: compare and contrast cancer caused by viruses and cancer caused by oncogenes

A: Introduction Cancer is a disease occurs due to uncontrolled mitosis. Cancerous cells can destroy…

Q: Explain the normal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that prevents cells from…

A: Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are two types of genes that relate cell cycle regulation to…

Q: Explain in general what is meant by a proto-oncogene and how they are involved in the formation of a…

A: Proto-oncogenes are a bunch of normal genes present in a cell. They have the necessary information…

Q: An oncogene is produced from a                   that has acquired a                      .a.…

A: Cancer is an abnormal condition that leads to proliferation of normal cells. They are caused due to…

Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…

A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…

Q: Describe the difference between a tumor suppressor and an oncogene with respect to the actual causes…

A: Cancer is caused due to the uncontrollable division of cells leading to tumor formation. Genetic…

Q: Explain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.

A: Tumors are clumps of cells formed by uncontrollable cell division. Tumorigenesis is the uncontrolled…

Q: EXPLAIN BRIEFLY: Explain the molecular mechanisms of cancers caused by a P53 gene mutation.

A: Answers P53 also defined as tumour suppressor Gene. Hence it protect the cells from various damages…

Q: Relatively few inherited forms of cancer involve the inheritance of mutant oncogenes. Instead, most…

A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…

Q: Why are proto-oncogenes present in non-cancerous cells? A one sentence answer is fine.

A: Due to the mutations in the DNA of the cells, Cancer occurs and make the normal cells into abnormal…

Q: Why are oncogenes usually dominant in their action, whereas tumor-suppressor genes are recessive?

A: BASIC INFORMATION ONCOGENES When there is alteration in the proto-onco genes then it leads to the…

Q: Explain how mitosis is involved with development of cancer.

A: A tumor is any abnormal proliferation of cells, which may become malignant, reaching other parts of…

Q: Define the following terms: tumor, neoplasia, anaplasia, metastasis, proto-oncogene, oncogene, and…

A: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide.…

Q: . Why is chronic inflammation a risk factor for cancers? Indicate as many answers as apply. O…

A: In chronic inflammation, the process of inflammation begins even if no injury does not end. An…

Q: Define telomeres, telomerase, and senescence and describe their effects on cancer.

A: Introduction  Cancer is a disease when a few of the body's cells grow out of control and spread to…

Q: Explain why it usually takes more than one mutation to cause cancer

A: Cancer is a condition wherein a portion of the body's cells develop or grow wildly and can spread to…

Q: Discuss the relationship between cancer and changes in gene expression that affect cell…

A: Cancer is the condition in which the control over the process of cell division is lost.

Q: Please explain the relationship between proto-oncogenes and the cell cycle. Then describe three…

A: The cell cycle has several checkpoints which regulate the various stages of cell cycle. There are…

Q: Describe the relationship between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes.

A: Oncogene: a mutant form of a normal gene that controls the cell cycle positively. A proto-oncogene…

Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.